Armenia · State military
Armenian Armed Forces
The national military of Armenia — rebuilt around the lessons of the 2020 defeat, under a state repositioning its security away from a frozen Russian alliance.
Joint
Coverage · South Caucasus
Context, not targeting. This atlas describes structure and history. It deliberately excludes current locations, live strength, unit movements and anything operationally sensitive — the content model has no fields for them. Branch depth reflects what can be established from public sources, not the size, capability or importance of a force: a thin branch means a state publishes little, and record counts are never a measure of strength.
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41 reviewed profiles of 43 records
3 full, 38 under review. 2 further records are structural stubs. Confidence, subordination and sources are inside each record.
Azerbaijan & partners · State military
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
The national military of Azerbaijan — the region's best-funded force, proven in 2020 and 2023, built on oil revenue, Turkish partnership and Israeli precision systems.
Joint
Georgia · State military
Georgian Defence Forces
Georgia's national military — NATO-partnered and Western-trained through two decades, under a government whose westward orientation is now in question.
Joint
Armenia · Branch
Armenian Ground Forces
The land force — five territorial army corps of Soviet-pattern regiments and fortified regions, built for the defence the 2020 war defeated, and the service the 2024–2035 transformation concept is rebuilding around brigades, professional soldiers and a non-commissioned officer corps it never had.
Land · under Armenian Armed Forces
Armenia · Corps
Armenian 1st Army Corps
The southern corps, seated at Goris in Syunik — the sector holding the province through which Armenia's road to Iran runs and along which the proposed transit route to Nakhchivan would pass, and the corps whose frontier changed most in 2020 and 2023.
Land · under Armenian Ground Forces
Armenia · Corps
Armenian 2nd Army Corps
The eastern corps, holding the Gegharkunik sector around Lake Sevan and the frontier with the Kalbajar district — the sector where Azerbaijani positions advanced onto Armenian-claimed ground in 2021 and 2022, and the one the 2024 delimitation work in Tavush did not reach.
Land · under Armenian Ground Forces
Armenia · Corps
Armenian 3rd Army Corps
The northern corps, seated at Vanadzor — the largest of the five by the compiled references' account, holding the Lori and Tavush sector that faces the Azerbaijani frontier in the north-east and the closed Turkish and Georgian borders in the north.
Land · under Armenian Ground Forces
Armenia · Corps
Armenian 4th Army Corps
The south-eastern corps, seated at Yeghegnadzor in Vayots Dzor — the sector facing the Nakhchivan exclave's northern frontier and the mountain passes between the capital's hinterland and Syunik.
Land · under Armenian Ground Forces
Armenia · Corps
Armenian 5th Army Corps
The capital corps, seated at Nubarashen in Yerevan — two fortified regions and a small manoeuvre element holding the Ararat plain and the closed Turkish frontier the Russian border troops used to watch, and the corps whose frontier the withdrawal of those troops in 2024–2026 changed.
Land · under Armenian Ground Forces
Armenia · Brigade
Armenian Peacekeeping Brigade
The professional, NATO-interoperable brigade Armenia built for deployments abroad — a peacekeeping battalion raised with Greek assistance after Armenia joined UN peacekeeping in 2001, reorganised as a brigade in September 2007, and deployed to Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan and Lebanon — and the formation the transformation concept treats as the model for what the rest of the force is to become.
Land · under Armenian Ground Forces
Armenia · Branch
Armenian Air Force and Air Defence
The second of Armenia's two services, holding both the small combat air arm — four Su-30SM fighters and Su-25 attack aircraft — and the ground-based air defence whose density the 2020 war exposed, now being rebuilt with Indian Akash and French radars beside the surviving Russian systems.
Air · under Armenian Armed Forces
Armenia · Interior forces
Armenian Border Guard Troops
The border troops of Armenia's National Security Service — the structure responsible for a frontier of which two of four sections are closed, and one of the few places in Europe where a neighbouring state's border guards have long served alongside the host's own.
Interior / security
Azerbaijan & partners · Branch
Azerbaijani Land Forces
The largest Azerbaijani service — four army corps and a separate combined-arms army in the Nakhchivan exclave, reorganised after 2020 around commando brigades and led since January 2024 by the former commander of the special forces — the force that took Karabakh in 2020 and 2023 and now holds the whole frontier with Armenia.
Land · under Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Corps
Azerbaijani 1st Army Corps
The central-front corps, seated at Barda — the corps whose sector faced the Karabakh line of contact for three decades and, since 2023, holds the former Karabakh territory and its approaches.
Land · under Azerbaijani Land Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Corps
Azerbaijani 2nd Army Corps
The southern corps, seated at Beylagan — the sector of the 2020 war's decisive southern axis along the Araxes toward Shusha, and the corps whose area now runs along the Iranian border and the Zangilan approach to the proposed transit route.
Land · under Azerbaijani Land Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Corps
Azerbaijani 3rd Army Corps
The north-western corps, seated at Shamkir — the sector facing Armenia's Tavush frontier, where the July 2020 fighting preceded the war, where the 2024 delimitation returned four villages, and where the pipelines and rail of the Southern Gas Corridor pass within reach of the line.
Land · under Azerbaijani Land Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Corps
Azerbaijani 4th Army Corps
The Baku corps — the formation covering the Absheron peninsula, the capital and the Caspian coast, the one corps whose sector faces no Armenian frontier and whose task is the defence of the state's centre and its offshore energy base.
Land · under Azerbaijani Land Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Army
Nakhchivan Combined Arms Army
The exclave's own army — raised from the 5th Army Corps in December 2013 as a separate combined-arms army because Nakhchivan is cut off from the rest of Azerbaijan by Armenian territory, the force that exercises with Turkish units across the exclave's short border with Türkiye, and the garrison on the other side of the transit question.
Land · under Azerbaijani Land Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Brigade
Azerbaijani commando brigades
The new class of formation Azerbaijan created after the 2020 war — commando brigades built on Turkish lines from 2021, the ground force's answer to a war won by light, precisely supported infantry rather than by armour, and the formations most visible in the September 2023 operation.
Land · under Azerbaijani Land Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Special unit
Azerbaijani Special Forces
The special forces founded in April 1999 and headquartered at Yashma near Baku — the formations that carried the decisive infantry fighting of 2020, including the assault on Shusha, and whose commander of a decade went on to command the Land Forces in 2024.
Special operations · under Azerbaijani Land Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Branch
Azerbaijani Air Force
The service holding both the manned air arm and the ground-based air defence — and, organisationally, the drone force that won the 2020 war, whose Bayraktar TB2s, Harop loitering munitions and now Akinci heavy drones are the region's most consequential air capability.
Air · under Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Branch
Azerbaijani Navy
The Caspian navy — a patrol and coastal force inherited from the Soviet Caspian Flotilla's division in 1992, whose task is the offshore oil and gas platforms and the sea lanes to Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan that the Middle Corridor's Caspian crossing depends on, on a closed sea where Russia's flotilla is the only navy of consequence.
Naval · under Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijan & partners · Interior forces
Azerbaijan State Border Service
Azerbaijan's separate border agency, responsible for the undelimited frontier with Armenia and for the crossings that any future transport arrangement would run through — which makes it a party to the delimitation process rather than only a policing body.
Interior / security
Azerbaijan & partners · Interior forces
Azerbaijani Internal Troops
The gendarmerie-type force of the Ministry of Internal Affairs — outside the armed forces, holding the internal-security and rear-area role, and the structure that took over policing in the former Karabakh territory after 2023; authored so the Azerbaijani security structure is complete, at structural level only.
Interior / security
Azerbaijan & partners · External
Turkish defence partnership with Azerbaijan
Türkiye's security relationship with Azerbaijan — the Shusha Declaration alliance framework, joint exercises, training and defence-industrial ties that were decisive in 2020. Structural description of a partnership, not a deployed force.
Joint
Georgia · Command
Georgian Eastern Defence Command
One of the two territorial commands into which the Georgian land force was reorganised — the eastern one, whose area contains the capital, the Tbilisi-facing boundary line with South Ossetia and the Azerbaijani and Armenian frontiers, with its own staff, logistics and subordinate brigades.
Land · under Georgian Defence Forces
Georgia · Command
Georgian Western Defence Command
The second territorial command — the western one, whose area contains the Black Sea coast with the ports of Poti and Batumi, the Enguri line with Abkhazia and the Turkish frontier, with its own staff and logistics.
Land · under Georgian Defence Forces
Georgia · Command
Georgian Aviation and Air Defence Command
The command that holds what remains of Georgian air power — helicopters, a handful of Su-25 airframes from the Tbilisi production line, and the ground-based air defence bought from France and Israel after 2008 — re-established as a separate command in 2016 after the air force had been folded into the land force.
Air · under Georgian Defence Forces
Georgia · Interior forces
Georgian Border Police
Georgia's border agency under the Interior Ministry, responsible for the international frontiers and — in practice though not in law — for policing the administrative boundary lines with Abkhazia and South Ossetia, where most recorded detentions occur.
Interior / security
De facto & historical entities · Armed movement
Abkhaz de facto security structures
The armed and interior structures of the de facto Abkhaz authorities — built in the 1992–93 war, operating alongside a Russian garrison whose presence defines the entity's security. Internationally, the territory is recognised as part of Georgia.
Land
De facto & historical entities · Armed movement
South Ossetian de facto security structures
The small armed and interior structures of the de facto South Ossetian authorities — closely integrated with the Russian garrison and, under the May 2026 treaty, moving toward formal openness to Russian personnel. Internationally, the territory is recognised as part of Georgia.
Land
De facto & historical entities · Armed movement
Nagorno-Karabakh Armenian forces (Artsakh Defense Army, 1992–2023)
The armed force of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Armenian authorities — victorious in the first war, broken in the second, disarmed after the September 2023 offensive and dissolved with the entity it defended. Historical record.
Land
Russia & aligned structures · Grouping · not a command
Russian regional presence — Caucasus
A navigation grouping, not a command: Russia's publicly documented military presence in the region — the Gyumri base in Armenia, held to 2044; the garrisons in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, whose legal basis deepened with the May 2026 South Ossetia treaty; the withdrawn Karabakh peacekeepers; and the border-troop arrangement in Armenia, now ended at every checkpoint. Taken together the grouping shows the shape of the change: Russia's presence has contracted where Armenia could end it by agreement and extended where the de facto authorities invited it. Described at structural level only.
Joint
Russia & aligned structures · Task force
Russian peacekeeping contingent in Karabakh (2020–2024)
The ~2,000-strong contingent deployed under the November 2020 trilateral statement along the Lachin corridor and the Armenian-populated remnant of Karabakh — withdrawn ahead of mandate in April–June 2024. Historical record.
Land · under Russian regional presence — Caucasus
Russia & aligned structures · Interior forces
Chechen Akhmat / Kadyrov-linked structures
The security structures built around the Kadyrov system — Rosgvardia regiments recruited in Chechnya, republican police formations and Akhmat-branded volunteer units — loyal personally to the republic's leadership. Described at structural level only.
Interior / security · under Russian regional presence — Caucasus
Russia & aligned structures · Brigade
Russian 102nd Military Base, Gyumri
Russia's military base in Armenia, at Gyumri near the closed Turkish frontier, held under a lease agreement extended to 2044. Structural record only: this atlas publishes no strengths, dispositions or activity, and the base's significance here is political rather than operational.
Land · under Russian regional presence — Caucasus
Russia & aligned structures · Brigade
Russian 4th Military Base, Tskhinvali
The Russian garrison in South Ossetia, at Tskhinvali and Java, formed after the 2008 war on the 19th Motor Rifle Division's lineage — the force whose presence defines the de facto entity's security and whose legal footing the May 2026 treaty of deepened integration extended.
Land · under Russian regional presence — Caucasus
Russia & aligned structures · Brigade
Russian 7th Military Base, Gudauta
The Russian garrison in Abkhazia, at Gudauta on the Black Sea coast, formed after the 2008 war on the site of a Soviet airborne base — the force whose presence defines the de facto entity's security, beside a naval facility at Ochamchire that Russia has developed since 2023.
Land · under Russian regional presence — Caucasus
Russia & aligned structures · Interior forces
Russian Border Troops in Armenia
Russian FSB border troops that served alongside Armenian forces on Armenia's frontiers with Türkiye and Iran under a long-standing agreement. The arrangement has been wound back checkpoint by checkpoint — Zvartnots airport in August 2024, the Iranian crossing from January 2025, Margara from March 2025 and Akhurik from the start of 2026 — leaving no Armenian border checkpoint under Russian oversight. It is the clearest completed structural marker of Armenia's security realignment, and stands in deliberate contrast to the Gyumri base, whose lease runs to 2044 and which Armenia has not moved to end.
Interior / security · under Russian regional presence — Caucasus
External missions · External
EU Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM)
The EU's unarmed civilian monitoring mission, deployed since 2008 with a mandate covering all of Georgia — and denied access, throughout, to the two territories it most needs to see.
Joint
External missions · External
EU Mission in Armenia (EUMA)
The EU's unarmed civilian monitoring mission on the Armenian side of the border with Azerbaijan, deployed in February 2023 after the 2022 incursions — mandated to February 2027, with about 165 international observers from 25 member states and Canada, and the international presence that the ending of the Russian border-troop arrangement left as the only one on that frontier.
Joint
Georgia · Special unit
Georgian Special Operations Forces
The Defence Forces' special operations command — formally established in November 1999 on the lineage of formations raised during the 1992–1993 Abkhazia war and built up under Turkish and later American partnership programmes; it carried much of Georgia's Afghanistan record, including a reinforced company guarding the Resolute Support headquarters from 2015 to 2021, and holds the professional core the force's partnerships built.
Special operations · under Georgian Defence Forces
Georgia · Branch
Georgian National Guard
The Defence Forces' reserve and territorial component — established on 20 December 1990 as the first armed formation of the independence movement, the principal Georgian force of the 1991–1993 wars, reorganised repeatedly since, and the structure through which the total-defence concept the force describes would be delivered; its current reserve organisation is published by the ministry and not read for this record.
Land · under Georgian Defence Forces
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