Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
ACMAT Bastion
Wheeled armoured personnel carrier of the army’s convoy and intervention units — protection against the war’s defining threat, the roadside bomb.
Origin: France · Relevant to: Sahel
No inventories. The catalogue records what systems are and how their presence is evidenced — never quantities, availability, readiness or current allocations. Future and pledged systems are marked distinctly and hidden by default.
120 documented records across 8 modules
92 full, 28 under review. 87 further systems indexed as stubs. Grades, dates and sources are on each record.
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
Boxer
The German–Dutch modular wheeled vehicle that carries Lithuania's mechanised infantry and the flank's newest wheeled howitzer — a single chassis whose interchangeable mission modules make it the platform the module's armour-recapitalisation object reads Lithuania's rearmament through.
Origin: Germany, Netherlands · Relevant to: NATO Eastern Flank · Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
BTR-80
The standard Soviet-pattern eight-wheeled armoured personnel carrier — mobile, lightly protected, and still the default troop carrier of the armies that inherited or bought it.
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Sahel
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
VAB
The French infantry’s wheeled workhorse throughout Serval and Barkhane.
Origin: France · Relevant to: Sahel
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
BMD airborne IFV family
The air-droppable infantry fighting vehicle of Russia's airborne forces — light enough to parachute, too light to survive a war in which the VDV fights as line infantry, and documented lost in numbers that tell that story.
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
BMP-2 family
The ubiquitous mechanised-infantry workhorse on both sides of the front.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
CV90 family
The Swedish infantry fighting vehicle that the northern flank has converged on — six operators, two more contracted, a six-nation joint acquisition signed in 2025 — and the vehicle whose Ukrainian combat record is the published reason the orders grew.
Origin: Sweden · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · NATO Eastern Flank
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
M2A2 ODS-SA Bradley
The most consequential Western infantry fighting vehicle of the war — protection and firepower that crews publicly credit with keeping them alive.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
VBCI
Wheeled infantry fighting vehicles that gave the French intervention its protected punch on the long desert axes.
Origin: France · Relevant to: Sahel
Armour & mobility · Light mobility
Motorcycles (insurgent mobility)
Two fighters, one rifle, one motorcycle: the insurgency’s unit of manoeuvre, and the capability government motorcycle bans have tried and failed to suppress.
Origin: Various (commercial) · Relevant to: Sahel
Armour & mobility · Light mobility
Technicals (armed pickups)
The pickup truck with a heavy weapon is the true main combat system of the Sahel war — on every side.
Origin: Various (commercial chassis) · Relevant to: Sahel · Syria
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
K2 Black Panther
The South Korean tank Poland chose in 2022 when European production could not deliver at the speed Warsaw wanted — the largest single armour programme on the flank and the one that made Poland's army the Alliance's biggest tank operator in Europe.
Origin: South Korea · Relevant to: NATO Eastern Flank
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
Leopard 2 family
The principal Western-donated main battle tank family in Ukrainian service.
Origin: Germany · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · NATO Eastern Flank
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
M1A1 SA Abrams
The American main battle tank in Ukrainian service — a small fleet whose political weight exceeds its battlefield mass.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
T-64 family
The backbone of Ukraine's tank fleet — designed, built and overhauled in Kharkiv.
Origin: Soviet Union (Kharkiv design bureau, Ukraine) · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
T-72 family
Core mechanised firepower fielded by both sides — one family record, two operators.
Origin: Soviet Union, Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Caucasus · Syria
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
T-80 family
The Soviet gas-turbine tank that Russia has lost in the largest numbers of any type after the T-72 — and the tank on which its claim to rebuild armour production rests, because Omsk restores T-80s from storage rather than building them new.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
T-90M Proryv
Russia's most modern tank in series production — priority equipment for its best formations, and a priority trophy when captured.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Protected mobility / MRAP
Casspir MPV
Mine-protected vehicles of MINUSMA contingents — the shape of a mission that fought, above all, the roadside bomb.
Origin: South Africa · Relevant to: Sahel
Armour & mobility · Reconnaissance vehicle
BRDM-2
A Soviet amphibious scout car of 1960s design — long out of production, still in service across multiple wars from refurbished stock.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Sahel
Fires · Artillery
2S19 Msta-S
The standard Russian self-propelled 152 mm howitzer of the war — the workhorse of the artillery arm the invasion was built around.
Origin: Soviet Union, Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
2S22 Bohdana
Ukraine's domestically produced NATO-calibre howitzer — the symbol of its wartime artillery industry.
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
CAESAR
The French wheeled 155 mm howitzer — shoot-and-scoot survivability that kept it in the counter-battery fight where towed guns could not live.
Origin: France · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Caucasus · NATO Eastern Flank
Fires · Artillery
D-30 122mm howitzer
The ubiquitous Soviet 122mm towed howitzer — simple, cheap and exported everywhere; the baseline of tube artillery in most armies that field it.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Sahel
Fires · Artillery
K9 Thunder
The South Korean self-propelled howitzer that four flank armies bought and a fifth has contracted — with the Polish licence line and the Romanian plant, the closest thing the flank has to a common 155 mm gun.
Origin: South Korea · Relevant to: NATO Eastern Flank
Fires · Artillery
PzH 2000
The German 155 mm self-propelled howitzer that Ukraine has fired since 2022 and that Germany, the Netherlands and Lithuania field on the flank — the gun whose wartime barrel wear and restarted production line show what sustained artillery war costs.
Origin: Germany · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · NATO Eastern Flank
Fires · Rocket artillery
BM-21 Grad
The world's most widely used rocket launcher — forty 122 mm tubes on a truck, delivering area fire that is cheap, fast and inaccurate — in service on every side of the Ukrainian, Caucasus and Sahel wars.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Sahel · Caucasus · Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Rocket artillery
M142 HIMARS
Precision deep-strike rocket artillery that reshaped Russian logistics in 2022.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · NATO Eastern Flank
Fires · Rocket artillery
M142 HIMARS (Taiwan)
The wheeled rocket launcher that gave Taiwan a mobile long-range fires capability it did not previously have — and the clearest single measure of whether US arms transfers are actually arriving.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Fires · Rocket artillery
Pinaka multiple rocket launcher
The Indian rocket artillery system Armenia bought in its first post-2020 arms package from Delhi — the counter-battery and deep-fires capability the 2020 war showed the army lacked, sourced from a supplier chosen for not being Russia.
Origin: India · Relevant to: Caucasus
Air defence · Air defence
Akash
The Indian medium-range air-defence system that is the first foreign export of the type and the clearest single object of Armenia's post-2020 supplier realignment — a replacement for the Russian layer the drones destroyed, bought from a country that had never sold Armenia anything before 2020.
Origin: India · Relevant to: Caucasus
Air defence · Air defence
Barak-8
The Israeli medium-range air-defence system that modernised Azerbaijan's ground-based defence in the years before 2020 — the layer that, together with the S-300, meant Armenia's small air arm played almost no part in the war.
Origin: Israel, India · Relevant to: Caucasus
Air defence · Air defence
Bavar-373
Iran's domestically built long-range air-defence system — developed after the S-300 sale was frozen in 2010 and fielded beside the S-300PMU-2 that eventually arrived, and the clearest statement of the Air Defence Force's claim to self-sufficiency.
Origin: Iran · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Air defence · Air defence
Gepard
A retired Cold War anti-aircraft tank that became one of Ukraine's most valued weapons — twin radar-directed 35 mm cannon that shoot down Shahed drones at a fraction of the cost of a missile.
Origin: Germany · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air defence · Air defence
IRIS-T SLM / SLS
The German-supplied medium-range layer — the system Ukraine relies on against cruise missiles, sitting between cheap counter-drone defences and the scarce anti-ballistic tier.
Origin: Germany · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · NATO Eastern Flank
Air defence · Air defence
Israeli layered missile defence
The three-tier shield — Iron Dome against rockets and drones, David's Sling against medium-range threats, Arrow against ballistic missiles in and beyond the atmosphere — that engaged the Iranian retaliation of both wars, and the most tested multi-layer missile defence in the world.
Origin: Israel, United States · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf · Levant
Air defence · Air defence
MIM-104 Patriot
The upper tier of Ukraine's air defence — the system publicly credited with its routine ballistic-missile intercepts over the cities.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Iran–Gulf · NATO Eastern Flank
Air defence · Air defence
NASAMS
The other half of Ukraine's medium-range layer — a ground-launched system firing air-to-air missiles, used against cruise missiles and drones rather than against ballistic threats.
Origin: Norway, United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · NATO Eastern Flank
Air defence · Air defence
Patriot PAC-3 (Taiwan)
The upper layer of Taiwan's air and missile defence, and a central component of the integrated air-defence programme the 2026 special budget was written to fund.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air defence · Air defence
S-300 family
The Soviet long-range SAM that anchored Armenian air defence — and whose documented destruction by drones in 2020 became the era's defining image of legacy air defence meeting the loitering-munition age.
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Caucasus · Iran–Gulf · Ukraine–Russia
Air defence · Air defence
S-400 Triumf
Russia's premier strategic air-defence system — documented defending Crimea and the border regions throughout the war, and a priority target for Ukrainian deep strikes.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Syria
Air defence · Air defence
Taiwan long-range early-warning radar
The phased-array radar that gives Taiwan its ballistic-missile warning — the origin of every published figure for how many minutes the island would have.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air defence · Air defence
THAAD
The upper tier of the Gulf's missile defence — the American system that intercepts ballistic missiles in their terminal phase at altitudes Patriot cannot reach, first used in combat by the Emirates in 2022 and deployed across the region as the 2026 war made the layer necessary.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Air defence · Air defence
Tien Kung (Sky Bow) air defence
Taiwan's indigenous surface-to-air missile family — the domestically controlled element of its layered air defence, and the core of the integrated air-defence concept publicised as "T-Dome".
Origin: Taiwan · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air defence · Air defence
Tor-M2 family
The Russian short-range air-defence system that is the Ground Forces' standard point-defence layer in the war against Ukraine — and, in Armenian service, the survivable layer of the country's air defence: bought before 2020, credited with some of the few Armenian drone intercepts of the war, and retained under the post-war rebuild alongside the Indian and French systems bought to replace what was lost.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Caucasus
Air defence · Air defence
ZU-23-2
Twin 23mm cannon — nominally anti-air, in practice the heaviest direct-fire weapon on both sides’ gun trucks.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Sahel
Air · AEW&C / ISR aircraft
Cessna 208 Caravan (ISR)
A single EU-donated light surveillance aircraft from the partnership era; current serviceability unclear.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Sahel
Air · AEW&C / ISR aircraft
E-2K Hawkeye airborne early warning aircraft
Taiwan's airborne radar picket — a handful of aircraft carrying the only sensor that can see beyond the island's horizon, and therefore a capability whose small number is itself the analytical point.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air · AEW&C / ISR aircraft
KJ-500 airborne early warning and control aircraft
The PLA's standard airborne radar aircraft — the thing that makes a package of fighters into a system, and the aircraft type whose presence changes what a day's activity around Taiwan actually means.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air · Combat aircraft
Dassault Rafale
The French fighter through which Qatar and the Emirates diversified away from American types — and, in the Emirati case, the largest single export order the aircraft has had.
Origin: France · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Air · Combat aircraft
Eurofighter Typhoon
The European fighter that four Gulf air forces chose as their second supplier — the political hedge, in aircraft form, against dependence on a single ally.
Origin: United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf · NATO Eastern Flank
Air · Combat aircraft
F-15 Eagle (Gulf and Israeli variants)
The heavy American fighter that is the common thread of the region's most capable air forces — the Saudi F-15SA, the Qatari F-15QA and the Israeli F-15I — and the type most associated with strike at the ranges this system is fought across.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Air · Combat aircraft
F-16AM/BM
Ukraine's first Western fighter — an air-defence workhorse and integration milestone rather than the silver bullet once advertised.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Iran–Gulf · Syria · NATO Eastern Flank
Air · Combat aircraft
F-16V (Block 70/72 and upgraded Block 20)
Taiwan's principal fighter and the aircraft most often meeting reported PLA activity — significant here as the visible instrument of a daily attrition problem, not as a war-winning capability.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air · Combat aircraft
F-35A Lightning II
The fighter the flank's air forces are converging on — nine of the module's states operate or have contracted it — and the clearest single measure of how far allied air power on the flank depends on one American production line.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: NATO Eastern Flank
Air · Combat aircraft
F-35I Adir
Israel's stealth fighter, modified to an Israeli specification — the aircraft most associated in reporting with the deep strikes on Iran in 2024, 2025 and 2026, and with the December 2024 campaign that destroyed most of Syria's air defences and aircraft in days.
Origin: United States, Israel · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf · Syria · Levant
Air · Combat aircraft
H-6 bomber family
A modernised bomber lineage used principally as a missile carrier — and one of the most politically legible aircraft in the theatre, because its appearance on a flight is itself a signal.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air · Combat aircraft
Indigenous Defense Fighter (Ching-kuo)
Taiwan's domestically developed fighter — militarily a capable second-tier type, and historically significant as the product of an arms embargo that forced self-reliance.
Origin: Taiwan · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air · Combat aircraft
Iranian Air Force fighter fleet
The fighter force the Shah bought and the revolution kept — F-14s, F-4s and F-5s flying half a century on, with Soviet types added and a domestic reverse-engineering industry behind them — recorded as one capability because its analytical meaning is the whole fleet's obsolescence, not any type's characteristics.
Origin: United States, Soviet Union / Russia, Iran · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Air · Combat aircraft
J-16
A heavy multirole fighter, and the type most frequently named in Taiwanese reporting of aircraft detected around the island — the workhorse of the routine pressure activity.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air · Combat aircraft
J-20
China's low-observable fighter — significant less for any single engagement than for what its production rate says about the trajectory of the regional air balance.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Air · Combat aircraft
JAS 39 Gripen
Sweden's fighter and the only European alternative to the F-35 on the northern flank — flown by three of the module's air forces and pledged to Ukraine — designed from the start to operate from dispersed road bases.
Origin: Sweden · Relevant to: NATO Eastern Flank · Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
L-39 Albatros
Jet trainers pressed into light-attack service — the Syrian war's workhorse against towns without air defence, and part of the 2022 Russian delivery packages to Mali.
Origin: Czechoslovakia · Relevant to: Sahel · Syria
Air · Combat aircraft
MiG-21
The Soviet-era fighter fleet of Mali’s Cold War alignment — long inoperable, a reminder that the Russian relationship is a return, not a novelty.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Sahel
Air · Combat aircraft
Mirage 2000-5
The third type in Taiwan's 1990s fighter acquisition — capable in the interception role, and the clearest illustration of the sustainment cost of operating a small fleet of a type few others fly.
Origin: France · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait · Iran–Gulf · Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
Mirage 2000D
The strike aircraft of Serval and Barkhane — precision air power that the post-French order has not replaced.
Origin: France · Relevant to: Sahel
Air · Combat aircraft
Su-25
The Soviet “flying tank” — a rugged, heavily armoured close-support jet built to operate low, from rough fields, and absorb hits.
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Sahel · Caucasus
Air · Combat aircraft
Su-34
The workhorse of the Russian glide-bomb campaign.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Syria
Air · Combat aircraft
Sukhoi Su-30SM
The Russian multirole fighter that is a mainstay of the Aerospace Forces' war against Ukraine — and, in a fleet of four, the only modern fighter Armenia has ever operated, bought in 2019 and by published accounts unused in the 2020 war for want of the missiles to arm it, now the subject of an Indian-assisted upgrade discussion that says more about Armenia's supplier realignment than about the aircraft.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Caucasus
Air · Helicopter
Ka-52 Alligator
Russia's premier attack helicopter — from the Hostomel air assault to the standoff tank-killing screen that blunted the 2023 counteroffensive.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Helicopter
Mi-24/Mi-35 Hind
The Soviet gunship that outlived its era — armour, heavy firepower and a troop bay, flown in escort and fire-support roles decades after its designers expected.
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Sahel
Air · Helicopter
Mi-8/Mi-17 Hip
The most widely used military helicopter ever built — assault transport, resupply and medevac, and the only way into places roads cannot safely reach.
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Sahel
Air · Helicopter
NH90
European transport helicopters that gave MINUSMA and Barkhane their medevac and mobility edge — capabilities that left with them.
Origin: France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands · Relevant to: Sahel
Air · Helicopter
SA342 Gazelle
Light attack helicopters of the opening intervention — one crew took the first French loss of Serval in January 2013.
Origin: France · Relevant to: Sahel
Air · Helicopter
Tigre attack helicopter
Barkhane’s attack helicopter — escort and strike across the Liptako until the 2022 withdrawal.
Origin: France, Germany, Spain · Relevant to: Sahel
Air · Transport / tanker aircraft
Y-20
A large transport and tanker aircraft — unglamorous, and among the more meaningful indicators in the theatre, because reach depends on refuelling and airlift far more than on fighters.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Unmanned · Uncrewed maritime system
Magura V5
The naval strike drone credited with driving the Black Sea Fleet from the northwestern Black Sea.
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Uncrewed maritime system
Sea Baby
The Security Service's naval drone — the boat that hit the Kerch bridge in 2023, drove the Black Sea Fleet to Novorossiysk, struck shadow-fleet tankers in 2025 and, in December 2025, put an underwater variant into a submarine at its berth.
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Reconnaissance UAV
Commercial drones (armed-group use)
Commercial quadcopters for reconnaissance, propaganda filming and, increasingly, improvised attack — the Ukraine playbook arriving in the Sahel at village scale.
Origin: Various (commercial) · Relevant to: Sahel
Unmanned · Reconnaissance UAV
Orlan-10 / Orlan-30
The eyes of Russian artillery — the war's most ubiquitous reconnaissance drone, produced and expended in the thousands.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Reconnaissance UAV
PLA reconnaissance UAVs around Taiwan
The uncrewed aircraft that circle Taiwan and appear by type in its daily detection reports — the cheapest way to sustain pressure, and the one a fighter scramble answers least well.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
Bayraktar Akıncı
Heavy Turkish strike drone — a step up from the TB2 in payload and reach, and the aircraft whose loss to Algerian air defence ruptured Mali–Algeria relations.
Origin: Türkiye · Relevant to: Sahel · Caucasus
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
Bayraktar TB2
The early-war icon whose strike role faded as Russian air defence coalesced — a case study in how fast adaptation cycles run in this war.
Origin: Türkiye · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Sahel · Caucasus · Syria
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
FPV strike drones (class)
The defining weapon of the war's attritional phase — a category, not a model.
Origin: Ukraine, Russia, commercial (largely Chinese) supply chains · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
IAI Harop
The loitering munition that announced the drone era in the Caucasus — Azerbaijani Harops destroyed Armenian air defences in 2016 and 2020, four years before the same technique became universal in Ukraine.
Origin: Israel · Relevant to: Caucasus
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
Shahed-136 / Geran-2 family
The mass one-way attack drone of the strategic strike campaign.
Origin: Iran, Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Iran–Gulf
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
Taiwanese loitering munitions
The cheap expendable strike systems Taiwan's asymmetric-defence advocates argue for most consistently — and, for the first time, a category where procurement is visibly following the argument.
Origin: United States, Taiwan · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
ZALA Lancet family
Russia's counter-battery loitering munition of choice — the standing threat to any gun, radar or air-defence vehicle within tens of kilometres of the front.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Naval · Naval vessel
Arleigh Burke-class destroyers
The American destroyer that is the Gulf's actual missile-defence-at-sea — the Aegis ships that have intercepted Houthi missiles and drones in the Red Sea since 2023 and Iranian ballistic missiles fired at Israel, and the vessels behind the naval interdiction of Iranian exports in 2026.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Naval · Naval vessel
China Coast Guard cutters
The largest coast guard vessels in the world — and arguably the most strategically effective platforms in this entire module, precisely because they are not warships.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Naval · Naval vessel
Ghadir-class midget submarines
Iran's domestically built midget submarines of North Korean lineage — small, numerous, shallow-water boats designed for the strait itself rather than for the open sea, and the underwater counterpart of the Guard Navy's small-craft mass.
Origin: Iran, North Korea · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Naval · Naval vessel
Hai Kun-class submarine (Indigenous Defence Submarine)
Taiwan's indigenous submarine programme — an unusually ambitious industrial undertaking whose strategic value is genuinely disputed among analysts.
Origin: Taiwan · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Naval · Naval vessel
IRGC Navy fast attack and small craft
The hundreds of fast, small, missile- and rocket-armed craft that are the Guard Navy's method — swarming boats built for a narrow, shallow, crowded sea in which mass and dispersion matter more than tonnage, and the vessels behind every tanker seizure and harassment incident reported in the Gulf.
Origin: Iran, Sweden, United Kingdom, North Korea · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Naval · Naval vessel
Kilo-class submarines (Iran)
The three Russian-built boats acquired in the 1990s — the only conventional submarines of consequence in the Gulf's littoral states, and the Artesh Navy's most survivable and least visible asset, whose condition after three decades and two wars is not established.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Naval · Naval vessel
Min Jiang-class fast minelayers
Small purpose-built minelayers — the Republic of China Navy's first, and the most literal expression of a denial strategy in the whole Taiwanese inventory.
Origin: Taiwan · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Naval · Naval vessel
Moudge-class frigates
The domestically built light frigates that carry the Artesh Navy's outward-facing role — the ships that make its long-range deployments and naval diplomacy possible — and the class most concerned by United States claims in March 2026 to have destroyed much of Iran's regular surface fleet.
Origin: Iran · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Naval · Naval vessel
Tuo Chiang-class corvette
A small, fast, heavily armed catamaran corvette — the physical expression of Taiwan's shift from a few large warships toward many small ones.
Origin: Taiwan · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Naval · Naval vessel
Type 054A/B frigates
The PLA Navy's general-purpose frigate, and the class that does most of the routine work around Taiwan — the ordinary ship, which is why it matters more than the impressive ones.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Naval · Naval vessel
Type 055 destroyer
China's largest and most capable surface combatant — significant primarily as evidence of shipbuilding capacity, which is the more consequential fact.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Naval · Naval vessel
Type 071 amphibious transport docks
The PLA Navy's amphibious workhorse — less discussed than the big assault ships and considerably more relevant to how amphibious lift actually works.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Naval · Naval vessel
Type 075 and Type 076 amphibious assault ships
Large amphibious vessels — the ship class most often cited in invasion discussion, and one where the analytically interesting point runs against the popular framing.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Naval · Naval vessel
Type 212CD submarine
The joint German–Norwegian submarine — twelve boats on order, the first due in 2029 — that the module's naval recapitalisation object uses to show how far the flank's undersea programmes run behind the posture built on top of them.
Origin: Germany · Relevant to: NATO Eastern Flank
Strike & EW · Electronic warfare / counter-UAS
Interceptor drones (counter-Shahed)
Cheap propeller-driven drones built to destroy other drones — the layer that let Ukraine answer mass with mass instead of spending scarce missiles on cheap targets.
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · IED / explosive threat · capability record
IED / explosive-remnant threat (Syria)
The explosive threat that outlives the war twice over: remnant ISIS cells' roadside and vehicle-borne devices in the east, and fourteen years of mines and unexploded ordnance contaminating return areas nationwide — among the world's worst casualty environments for civilians, per demining organisations.
Origin: Various (improvised) · Relevant to: Syria
Strike & EW · IED / explosive threat · capability record
IEDs (capability record)
A capability-level record only: roadside and vehicle-borne bombs are the instrument that made Mali’s roads the front line. This record deliberately contains no technical detail.
Origin: Improvised (in-theatre) · Relevant to: Sahel
Strike & EW · IED / explosive threat · capability record
Iranian naval mining capability
The capability most discussed and least used in the Gulf: a stock of naval mines, estimated in the low thousands in published assessments that disagree widely, and the small craft and submarines to lay them — a threat that has shaped the strait's insurance and routing for four decades without once closing it.
Origin: Iran, Soviet Union / Russia, China · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
9K720 Iskander-M / K
The workhorse short-range ballistic missile of the strike campaign — and the hardest routine target Ukraine's air defences face.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia · Caucasus
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Conventional ballistic and cruise missile capability
The land-based conventional missile capability that features in every assessment of the regional balance — recorded here as a broad category only, with no targeting-relevant detail.
Origin: China · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Harpoon coastal defence system
A large US coastal-defence missile order that became the test case for whether American arms actually arrive on schedule — the supply-chain question at the centre of the alliance-credibility file.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Hsiung Feng anti-ship missile family
Taiwan's indigenous anti-ship missile family — the clearest expression of a sea-denial strategy, and the capability class most consistently recommended by advocates of asymmetric defence.
Origin: Taiwan · Relevant to: Taiwan Strait
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Iranian anti-ship missile families
The shore- and craft-launched anti-ship missiles — Chinese C-802 derivatives produced domestically, joined by an anti-ship ballistic missile — that give Iran's coast a reach across the whole strait, and whose Houthi derivatives have been fired at merchant ships in the Red Sea.
Origin: China, Iran · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Iranian medium-range ballistic missile families
The medium-range families — liquid-fuel descendants of the North Korean Nodong and Iran's own solid-fuel designs — that give the Aerospace Force reach to Israel and to every Gulf state, and whose numbers and accuracy are the most contested figures in the module.
Origin: Iran · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Iranian short-range ballistic missile families
The solid-fuel short-range families that account for most of what Iran fires — road-mobile, quick to launch, and improved generation by generation from a 2000s rocket into precision-guided missiles with ranges published in the hundreds of kilometres.
Origin: Iran · Relevant to: Iran–Gulf
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Kalibr family
Russia's sea-launched cruise missile — the naval leg of the strike campaign against Ukrainian cities and power grid, and the reason Ukraine's naval drones hunt the ships and submarines that carry it.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Kh-101 / Kh-555
Russia's main air-launched cruise missile — the bomber-carried half of every large strike on Ukrainian cities and the power grid, modified four times during the war and still built with Western components found in its wreckage.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
LORA
The Israeli quasi-ballistic missile that gave Azerbaijan a precision deep-strike capability in 2020 — used, on Baku's own footage, against the bridge on the Armenian supply route into Karabakh — and the other half, with the drones, of the Israeli contribution to the 2020 outcome.
Origin: Israel · Relevant to: Caucasus
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
MGM-140 ATACMS
The American ballistic missile fired from HIMARS that extended Ukraine's reach to airfields, air-defence sites and depots across the occupied south and Crimea — and the weapon whose supply and targeting rules made it a proxy for the whole US policy debate.
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
R-360 Neptune
The domestically built anti-ship missile that sank the Moskva — since evolved into a land-attack weapon reaching deep into Russian rear areas.
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Storm Shadow / SCALP-EG
The Anglo-French cruise missile that gave Ukraine its first deep, hardened-target strike capability — used against Black Sea Fleet headquarters, the Kerch approaches and, from late 2024, targets inside Russia — and whose supply is the tightest of any Ukrainian weapon.
Origin: United Kingdom, France · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
UMPK glide-bomb kits (FAB family)
The cheap wing-and-satnav kit that turned Russia's Soviet dumb-bomb stockpile into a standoff siege weapon — arguably its most consequential adaptation of the war.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
BTR-4 family
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
BTR-50
Reactivated — limited use.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
BTR-70
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
BTR-82A / 82AM
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
M113 family
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
MT-LB family
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Armoured personnel carrier
Stryker family
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Engineering & recovery
BREM-1 / BREM-1M
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Engineering & recovery
M88 recovery vehicle
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Engineering & recovery
MTU-72 bridgelayer
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Engineering & recovery
UR-77 Meteorit
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
BMD-4M
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
BMP-1 family
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
BMP-3
Ukraine operates captured examples in limited numbers.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Infantry fighting vehicle
Marder 1A3
Origin: Germany · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Light tank / fire support
2S25 Sprut-SD
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Light tank / fire support
AMX-10RC
Origin: France · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Light tank / fire support
BMPT Terminator
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
Challenger 2
Origin: United Kingdom · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
Leopard 1A5
Origin: Germany · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
M-55S
Origin: Slovenia (modernised T-55) · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
PT-91 Twardy
Origin: Poland · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
T-14 Armata
Not presented as fielded equipment; conflict use not verified. Rostec's head stated in 2024 that the tank was too expensive to commit to the war and that production was for the future; no documented employment has appeared since (reviewed 2026-09).
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
T-54 / T-55 family
Reactivated from storage — limited/second-line use.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
T-62 family
Reactivated T-62M/MV in second-line use.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Main battle tank
T-84 / BM Oplot
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Protected mobility / MRAP
International MaxxPro
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Protected mobility / MRAP
Kozak family
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Protected mobility / MRAP
Tigr-M
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Armour & mobility · Protected mobility / MRAP
Typhoon-K / U family
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
2A65 Msta-B
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
2S1 Gvozdika
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
2S3 Akatsiya
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
2S35 Koalitsiya-SV
Limited conflict use — status to be verified.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
2S4 Tyulpan (240 mm mortar)
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
2S7 Pion / Malka
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
AHS Krab
Origin: Poland · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Artillery
M777
Origin: United States / United Kingdom · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Rocket artillery
BM-30 Smerch
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Rocket artillery
M270 MLRS / MARS II
Origin: United States / Germany · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Rocket artillery
Tornado-S
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Fires · Rocket artillery
TOS-1A (thermobaric)
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air defence · Air defence
Buk-M1
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air defence · Air defence
Buk-M2 / M3
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air defence · Air defence
FrankenSAM programmes
Integration category — Western missiles on Soviet launchers; not a single model.
Origin: Ukraine / United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air defence · Air defence
Pantsir-S1 / S2
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air defence · Air defence
SAMP/T
One of two system families identified as carrying the anti-ballistic layer, with Patriot. Deployed quantity not established; the SAMP/T NG variant is reported as a future delivery and must not be recorded as fielded.
Origin: France / Italy · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air defence · Air defence
Strela-10
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · AEW&C / ISR aircraft
A-50 / A-50U
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · AEW&C / ISR aircraft
Il-20M / Il-22
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · AEW&C / ISR aircraft
Saab 340 AEW&C (ASC 890)
Announced by Sweden in May 2024 as a donation of two aircraft; no delivery or operational status has been published by either government as of the 2026-09 review, so the 2024 announcement remains the newest sourced fact. Stays at integration-training until a dated delivery statement exists.
Origin: Sweden · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
MiG-29
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
MiG-31K (Kinzhal carrier)
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
Su-27
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
Su-35S
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
Su-57
Limited, largely standoff employment — conflict use reported not confirmed at scale.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
Tu-160
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
Tu-22M3
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Combat aircraft
Tu-95MS
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Helicopter
Mi-28N / NM
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Transport / tanker aircraft
An-26
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Air · Transport / tanker aircraft
Il-76 family
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Reconnaissance UAV
Forpost / Forpost-R
Origin: Russia (Israeli-derived) · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Reconnaissance UAV
Leleka-100
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Reconnaissance UAV
ScanEagle / RQ-20 Puma
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Reconnaissance UAV
SuperCam S350
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Reconnaissance UAV
ZALA Z-16 / 421-16 family
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
Geran-1 / Shahed-131
Origin: Iran / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
KUB-BLA
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
Liutyi
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
Orion / Inokhodets
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Unmanned · Strike UAV / loitering munition
Switchblade 300 / 600
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Naval · Naval vessel
Ada-class corvette
Hetman Ivan Mazepa launched in Istanbul in 2022 and reported at sea trials from 2024; the ship has remained in Turkish waters, and no operational status in the Black Sea has been published as of the 2026-09 review. Distinguish sea trials, commissioning and operational status before promotion.
Origin: Türkiye / Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Naval · Naval vessel
Admiral Grigorovich-class frigate
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Naval · Naval vessel
Buyan-M-class corvette
Kalibr-capable; Caspian and Black Sea strike role.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Naval · Naval vessel
Improved Kilo-class submarine
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Naval · Naval vessel
Karakurt-class corvette
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Naval · Naval vessel
Moskva (cruiser)
Black Sea Fleet flagship, lost April 2022 — recorded as a loss entry, never as active.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Naval · Naval vessel
Ropucha-class landing ship
Individual losses (e.g. Saratov, Novocherkassk) recorded and dated separately.
Origin: Soviet Union · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
3M22 Zircon
Documented conflict-use claims must be sourced.
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
9M133 Kornet
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
FGM-148 Javelin
Origin: United States · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Kh-22 / Kh-32
Origin: Soviet Union / Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Kh-47M2 Kinzhal
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
North Korean-supplied SRBM family
Supplied to Russia from 2023–24 and documented via debris analysis. Individual model identifications (KN-23-type) only where specifically sourced — the family record deliberately avoids per-model claims.
Origin: North Korea · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
P-800 Oniks
Origin: Russia · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
Strike & EW · Missile / precision strike
Stugna-P
Origin: Ukraine · Relevant to: Ukraine–Russia
No systems match the current filters.
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