The recordWhat this system is, where it comes from, who operates it and which of Vigil’s modules it is relevant to — with the evidence each of those rests on.
Record
Conflict relevance
This is the catalogue's single record for this system. It is relevant to the modules below; each module's Force Atlas shows how it is used there.
Operators
Russia: The Ground Forces' standard short-range air-defence system, fielded throughout the war against Ukraine with losses visually documented; a catalogue stub for the Russian fleet was promoted into this record in the remaining-atlas sprint. · Armenia: Tor-M2KM systems acquired before 2020; the short-range layer that survived the war better than the S-300 above it, and one of the few Armenian air-defence systems credited with drone intercepts.
Battlefield role
Point defence against aircraft, helicopters, drones and precision munitions at short range — the layer that a drone-heavy opponent forces to work hardest.
Strengths
Self-contained, mobile, and able to engage small targets; the 2020 record suggests it performed better than the long-range systems the loitering munitions hunted.
Limitations
Short range and limited magazine against an opponent that attacks in numbers; a Russian supply chain. No sites, numbers or coverage are recorded.
Documented conflict use
Russian Tor systems are documented throughout the war against Ukraine, with losses catalogued by OSINT; Armenian claims of drone intercepts in the 2020 war are partly corroborated by published footage and not independently counted.
Branch & service operators
- Armenian Air Force and Air Defence Documented
Assessed as of2026-06Last reviewed2026-09-09