A mutually declared adversarial relationship since 1979, in open armed conflict since 2026.
DefenceDiplomatic
Open the full record in Iran–Gulf →Coverage · Levant
Vigil publishes no measure of how strong or how hostile a relationship is — the description and its evidence are the record.
A ceasefire in force since October 2025 with the war's central question — Hamas's weapons against Israel's withdrawal — still unsettled.
DefenceDiplomatic
Open the full relationship record →Open war from March to June 2026; since 19 June a ceasefire neither side signed with the other, while Israel holds a zone inside Lebanon.
Defence
Open the full relationship record →An armed adversary named in no published ceasefire text, reached by the Gaza instruments only as one of "the factions".
Defence
Open the full relationship record →Two Palestinian authorities since 2007, and a Gaza plan that excludes one and makes the other's return conditional on reform.
InstitutionalDiplomatic
Open the full relationship record →A UN force in southern Lebanon since 1978, mandated "for a final time" to 31 December 2026, with no successor decided.
BasingDefenceInstitutional
Open the full relationship record →A 1979 peace treaty whose security annex still caps forces in Sinai, and whose southern edge is Gaza's only crossing for people that avoids Israel.
Legal and treatyBorder securityDiplomatic
Open the full relationship record →A party in government whose military activity the same government has banned as unlawful — and has not enforced the ban.
DefenceInstitutional
Open the full relationship record →Egypt's gas imports from Israel's offshore fields — expanded by a $35bn deal in December 2025, interrupted on the first day of the 2026 war.
EnergyTradeInfrastructure
Open the full relationship record →A treaty that delivers Jordan water through Israel, and a gas contract that stopped when Israel shut its fields in 2026.
EnergyTradeInfrastructureLegal and treaty
Open the full relationship record →Israel collects the taxes the PA lives on, and has transferred none of them since May 2025.
FinanceTrade
Open the full relationship record →Member, ceasefire guarantor, host of Gaza's technocratic committee and trainer of its police: the Board's indispensable neighbour.
InstitutionalDiplomaticTrainingBorder security
Open the full relationship record →A party to the Gaza war that sits on the Board administering Gaza's transition, and has not signed the Board's own roadmap.
InstitutionalDiplomatic
Open the full relationship record →Member, guarantor and founding donor, and the mediator through which both Gaza ceasefires were announced.
InstitutionalDiplomaticFinance
Open the full relationship record →A founding member whose president chairs the Board and whose general commands the stabilisation force it authorises.
InstitutionalDiplomaticDefence
Open the full relationship record →Long reported by the US government; what flows now, and by what route, is not established.
FinanceEquipment transfer
Open the full relationship record →Iran's oldest and largest partnership in the region, rerouted after 2024 and still reported to deliver money in 2025.
FinanceEquipment transfer
Open the full relationship record →Described by the US government as PIJ's principal funder and trainer; its current content is not established.
FinanceTrainingEquipment transfer
Open the full relationship record →Israel's principal military supplier — and the mediator, guarantor and stabilisation-force commander in every arrangement on its fronts.
Equipment transferFinanceDefence
Open the full relationship record →Israeli laws bar the UN agency for Palestinian refugees from Israeli territory and from contact with the Israeli state, utilities included.
HumanitarianInstitutionalLegal and treaty
Open the full relationship record →Since February 2025 Lebanon has barred flights to and from Iran, closing an air route Israel alleged carried cash to Hezbollah.
InfrastructureFinance
Open the full relationship record →A US terrorist designation since 1997 that now also binds Lebanon: the June 2026 Framework commits both governments to block funds to Hezbollah.
FinanceLegal and treaty
Open the full relationship record →The US chairs, funds and has undertaken to help verify the Lebanese side of every arrangement — with assistance conditioned on disarming Hezbollah.
DefenceTrainingFinanceDiplomatic
Open the full relationship record →No agreed land boundary, an Israeli-held zone inside Lebanon, and a framework that trades withdrawal for disarmament with no timeline.
Border securityDiplomaticLegal and treaty
Open the full relationship record →An interim division of the West Bank agreed for five years in 1995 and never replaced, now being reshaped by Israeli land and planning decisions.
Legal and treatyDiplomaticInstitutional
Open the full relationship record →Descriptive records, not ratings. There is no field anywhere in this layer for relationship strength, warmth, hostility or direction of travel, and none may be added. Change is carried by the validity period, the recorded last material change and the linked events — each of which a reader can check. See the methodology.