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Coverage · Levant

State actor

Jordan and the Levant

External powers Interface state · Allenby crossing, water and gas Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Last reviewed
2026-10-11

AssessmentModerate confidence

Figures carry their own uncertainty. Population, economic and military-spending data in wartime are estimates, often contested; every figure below shows its as-of date and a confidence grade, and leadership positions reflect the last review date and change without notice.

What this actor is

Jordan is the West Bank's only external land interface. The Allenby / King Hussein Bridge carries Palestinian travel and trade to Jordan, and its closures are Israeli decisions: after a Jordanian truck driver killed two Israeli soldiers there on 18 September 2025, Israel closed it, reopened it to passengers within days and to goods and aid only around 10 December 2025. The 1994 peace treaty binds the two states on water, which Israel supplies from the Jordan and Yarmouk under Annex II, and Jordan buys gas from Israel's Leviathan field. Article 9 of the treaty states that Israel respects Jordan's "present special role" in the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem — a provision whose scope the parties dispute. Jordan is also a partner in Gaza police training under the US plan.

Confidence: Moderate Reviewed 2026-10-11

Allenby / King Hussein BridgeClosed after the attack of 18 September 2025; passengers again from about 21–22 September; goods and aid from about 10 December 2025; reduced hours and staffing disruption in 2026As of 2026-07 · Confidence: Moderate Press sources; there is no official closure log. Any closure during the 2026 war is unverified. Sources: Al Jazeera English↗ · Established international media reporting
Treaty waterAnnex II allocations from the Yarmouk and Jordan, with a Joint Water Committee; a separate sale of an additional 50 million cubic metres a year agreed in October 2021As of 2021-10 · Confidence: High Sources: Treaty and agreement texts — Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and neighbours↗ · Established international media reporting
Holy sitesTreaty Article 9(2) — Israel "respects the present special role" of Jordan in Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem, with "high priority" to Jordan's historic role in permanent-status talksAs of 1994-10-26 · Confidence: High The text is established; the content of the role is disputed between the parties and is not interpreted here. Sources: Treaty and agreement texts — Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and neighbours↗

Position in the system

Jordan is where the West Bank's movement regime meets a sovereign border, and where Israeli water and gas meet a dependent neighbour. A closure at Allenby is a West Bank economic event, and a shutdown of Leviathan is a Jordanian power event: blackouts in Jordan and Egypt followed the 2026 shutdown, according to Israeli business press.

Sources: Established international media reporting · Treaty and agreement texts — Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and neighbours↗

What this record does not cover

Jordan's airspace and basing in the Iran–Israel war are the Iran–Gulf module's records. The 2022 water-for-energy project with the UAE and Israel is suspended since Jordan said in November 2023 it would not sign, and is not treated as a live mechanism.

Sources: Established international media reporting

Not published for Jordan and the LevantPosture (objectives, constraints, leverage)

Elsewhere in Levant

Economic profile West Bank & Jerusalem Regional interface All Levant profiles
Confidence: Moderate The treaty text is primary; crossing status and energy effects rest on press, with no official crossing log. Sources: Treaty and agreement texts — Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and neighbours↗ · Al Jazeera English↗ · Established international media reporting Methodology Corrections Open in Explore

Last reviewed — 2026-10-11

Watch questions this actor bears on

Standing analytical questions whose evidence runs through this actor, each with its latest review. Derived from the Watch object, never restated here.

Connected records

7 records that Jordan and the Levant names, or that name it — every one an explicit reference in a published record, nothing inferred from subject matter.

Relationships1

Standing relationships whose record names this actor as a party, with the type, status and validity the record states.

Named in these events3

Dated events whose record names this actor.

Logistics systems3

Supply and export systems whose record names this actor.