What happened
The Knesset passes two laws barring UNRWA from operating in territory under Israeli sovereignty and prohibiting contact between Israeli state bodies and the agency. They take effect at the end of January 2025. A December 2025 amendment extends the prohibited "contact" to electricity, water and banking services for UNRWA facilities.
Israel's legislation turned UNRWA's operating status into a legal and humanitarian-access question in East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza. Israel's position is that the agency is compromised; the ICJ in its October 2025 advisory opinion rejected Israel's neutrality allegations and found Israel obliged to facilitate relief including by UNRWA. Both are attributed.
Confidence: High
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