Israel began strikes on Iran on 13 June 2025 and the United States struck three nuclear facilities on 22 June; a ceasefire was announced on 24 June. It is a separate, concluded conflict — and the point after which IAEA access to the struck sites was never restored.
Summary
Israel initiated strikes against Iran on 13 June 2025. The United States conducted strikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities on 22 June, described by United States officials as narrowly tailored to destroy or severely degrade the nuclear programme. A ceasefire was announced on 24 June. The conflict is recorded here at the level needed to explain what followed it and no further: a detailed reconstruction belongs to a module about that conflict, which this is not.
Why it matters
Two things carry forward. It established direct exchange between Iran and Israel as the pattern, eight months before the 2026 campaign opened. And it is the event after which the International Atomic Energy Agency lost access to the sites it had been verifying — the last inventory it verified dates from 13 June 2025, the day the strikes began, and the Agency has been unable to account for that material since.
Primary forces
- Israel Defense Forces Primary force · Confidence: Moderate · as of 2025-06
The source names Israel; the organisational identification is Vigil's.
- US Central Command Primary force · Confidence: Moderate · as of 2025-06
Struck three nuclear facilities on 22 June 2025. The regional command is Vigil's institutional identification; no US component is named by the source.
Opposing forces
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Opposing force · Confidence: High · as of 2025-06
- IRGC Aerospace Force Opposing force · Confidence: Moderate · as of 2025-06
Named at service level because the evidence names it: the opening Israeli strike killed the Aerospace Force's commander together with the commanders of its drone, surface-to-surface missile and air-defence wings, reportedly as they met to plan Iran's response. The 2026 campaign carries no equivalent service-level participant, because no source this module has read names one.
Outcome and present status
Concluded with an announced ceasefire on 24 June 2025. Iranian nuclear verification access was not restored afterwards, and eight months later a larger campaign opened.
What remains unknown
- The damage to Iran's nuclear programme is disputed at the highest level: a leaked Defense Intelligence Agency preliminary assessment reportedly put the setback at months, while the CIA Director and the Director of National Intelligence circulated statements suggesting more severe damage. This module authors no assessment of the damage.
- This record covers the conflict only as far as it explains the present system. Its own chronology, casualties and military course are not authored.
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Assessed as of2026-09Last reviewed2026-09-04