What happened
After the failure of the Camp David permanent-status summit in July 2000, a second Palestinian uprising begins at the end of September, marked by suicide bombings inside Israel and Israeli military operations. In Operation Defensive Shield from 29 March 2002, Israeli forces re-enter the Area A cities of the West Bank.
Israeli forces have operated across Area A since 2002, so the Oslo division of security control has not described military reality for over two decades. The uprising also ended the permanent-status track in its 1990s form and produced the separation measures — the barrier, the permit regime, disengagement — that structure the West Bank and Gaza today.
Confidence: High
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