Jordan receives water from Israel under the 1994 peace treaty's water annex and buys gas from Israel's Leviathan field. Both run through Israel, and the gas stopped when Israel shut Leviathan on the first day of the 2026 war, with power shortfalls reported in Jordan.
Israel and the Levant relied on economically by Jordan and the Levant. A directional arrangement: the two parties do not hold the same position in it. Authored once and read from both ends.
L’arrangement
- Statut
- ActiveEn vigueur et opérationnelle. Ne dit rien de la manière dont elle fonctionne, ni de la direction qu’elle prend.
- Ce qu’il couvre
- ÉnergieCommerceInfrastructuresJuridique et conventionnelCatégories que l’arrangement est documenté comme incluant. Ce n’est pas une mesure : une relation qui en couvre davantage est décrite plus en détail, non tenue plus fermement.
Synthèse
The Treaty of Peace of 26 October 1994 allocates the waters of the Yarmouk and the Jordan in its Annex II: Israel pumps 12 MCM from the Yarmouk in summer and 13 MCM in winter, concedes a further 20 MCM in winter, and in exchange delivers 20 MCM to Jordan in summer from the Jordan River above Deganya. Storage of Jordanian winter water in Lake Tiberias is commonly cited as a further provision. A 2021 agreement added a sale of 50 MCM a year. Leviathan has supplied Jordan's national electricity company under a 2016 contract. On 28 February 2026 Israel shut Leviathan and Karish as a precaution; Leviathan restarted after about a month, and power shortfalls were reported in Jordan and Egypt. Project Prosperity, the 2022 plan to trade Jordanian solar power for Israeli desalinated water, was set aside when Jordan said in November 2023 that it would not sign.
Pourquoi c’est important
Jordan is the other side of the West Bank's only crossing abroad, the Allenby / King Hussein Bridge, and it depends on Israel for part of its water and power. That dependence is standing context for Jordan's responses to Israeli policy in the West Bank, and the 2026 shutdown showed it can be interrupted by a war Jordan is not party to.
Accords
- Treaty of Peace between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Annex II (water) · signé le 1994-10-26
UN Treaty Series vol. 2042, No. I-35325. Article 6 and Annex II set the Yarmouk and Jordan allocations and the summer delivery to Jordan; the annex's storage, additional-water and Joint Water Committee provisions were not re-read at P2.
Événements associés
- Le traité de paix israélo-jordanien 26 oct. 1994
Diplomatic · Territorial change
- La guerre contre l’Iran ferme les points de passage de Gaza et arrête le gaz offshore d’Israël 28 févr. – avr. 2026
Humanitarian · Energy · Economic
Ce qui reste inconnu
- The 2016 gas contract and the 2021 water sale are not published texts; their terms are those reported.
- Whether treaty water deliveries continued unchanged through 2026 is not established from any source read.
Lectures que les éléments permettent aussi
- The arrangements can be read as Jordan's dependence on Israel, or as mutual: Israel's eastern border and the Allenby crossing rely on Jordan's cooperation. This record carries the economic direction only.
Figure ici parce que l’évaluation propre à la fiche n’est pas la seule que ses sources permettent — et non comme une réserve sur l’évaluation ci-dessus.
All Levant relationships Ouvrir dans Explorer
Évalué au — 2026-04 Dernière revue — 2026-10-11