Submarine Forces
The submarine arm — Improved Kilo boats of the Black Sea Fleet are among the war's persistent Kalibr shooters.
Broad area of activity
Black Sea launch stations and the other fleets' patrol areas.
Notable history
Improved Kilo-class boats have been persistent Kalibr shooters against Ukraine since 2022 — the platform Ukrainian defences can least answer — though one boat was publicly documented destroyed in dry dock in Sevastopol in 2023.
Strengths
Survivable strike from submerged launch; the least attritable element of the Black Sea force.
Limitations
Small in-theatre numbers; dependent on vulnerable basing and repair infrastructure that Ukrainian deep strike has reached.
Campaigns
Campaigns naming this organisation as a participant. The campaign record owns the relationship and grades it; this list is computed.
- The Black Sea campaign and the export corridor Supporting force · Since February 2022 · moderate confidence · as of 2026-06
Submarine-launched cruise missiles remain a Russian strike means from the basin even after surface relocation.
Assessed as of2026-07Last reviewed2026-07
See this force in the structure Interactive: select this record and follow what connects to it.