此戰役是什麼
Israel's operations in the northern West Bank refugee camps since August 2024: the Summer Camps raids, then Iron Wall from January 2025, which displaced some 33,000 people from three camps by OHCHR's count. The camps remain closed military areas, and the operation has not been declared over.
It is the largest displacement in the West Bank since 1967 by UN accounts, and it removed three camps as both armed-group bases and inhabited places. The camps' closure is a standing condition in the module's humanitarian and UNRWA records, and it shows a shift in Israeli practice in the West Bank from raid-and-withdraw to holding ground inside Area A cities.
信心：高 截至2026-10檢視於2026-10-12
摘要
The IDF launched an operation it called "Summer Camps" in Jenin, Tulkarm and the surrounding camps on 28 August 2024, withdrawing in early September. From 5 December 2024 the Palestinian Authority's security forces ran their own operation, "Protect the Homeland", against armed groups in Jenin camp, until January 2025. On 21 January 2025, immediately after it, the IDF, the Israel Security Agency and the Border Police announced Operation "Iron Wall" in Jenin camp, which extended to the Tulkarm and Nur Shams camps. In a report published on 4 September 2026 covering 5 December 2024 to 31 January 2026, OHCHR found about 33,000 people displaced from the three camps at the start, 33,362 still displaced at the end of the period, and closed-military-area orders over the camps; Israel's defence minister said in February 2025 that residents would not return. Whether Iron Wall has formally ended is not established.
宣示目標
參與方所說的內容。每一條目都註明立場的提出出處；Vigil記錄的是該立場曾被提出，而非其為真。
Israel stated the purpose of Iron Wall as dismantling armed-group infrastructure in the camps and preserving the IDF's freedom of action in the West Bank.
The Palestinian Authority presented "Protect the Homeland" as a security operation to restore its authority in Jenin camp against the armed groups there.
主要部隊
- 以色列國防軍中部司令部 主要部隊 · 信心：高 · 截至2026-09
The IDF regional command responsible for the West Bank.
對立部隊
- 聖城旅（巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭聖戰組織） 對立部隊 · 信心：中等 · 截至2025-01
Camp-based armed formations, among them the Jenin Brigade, were the stated target of both operations; they draw on several organisations, Palestinian Islamic Jihad's al-Quds Brigades prominent among them, and are not reducible to one.
支援方與外部方
- 猶太與撒馬利亞師 支援部隊 · 信心：中等 · 截至2026-09
The territorial division for the West Bank. Other formations attached to the operation at different times are not authored here.
- 以色列國家安全局（辛貝特） Supporting force · Confidence: High · as of 2025-01
Named with the IDF and the Border Police in the joint statement that announced Iron Wall on 21 January 2025.
Reported participants
- 巴勒斯坦自治政府安全部隊 Reported participant · Confidence: Moderate · as of 2025-01
Ran its own operation, "Protect the Homeland", in Jenin camp from 5 December 2024 to January 2025, against the same armed groups. It is not part of the Israeli campaign and is recorded here because the two operations followed directly one after the other in the same place. OHCHR records that it killed nine residents and six members of the PA security forces.
夏令營
The IDF launched a multi-day operation it called "Summer Camps" in Jenin, Tulkarm and nearby camps on 28 August 2024 and withdrew in early September; an Israeli source described the withdrawal as a pause.
The Palestinian Authority's "Protect the Homeland"
The PA security forces conducted their own operation in Jenin camp against armed groups from 5 December 2024. OHCHR records nine residents and six PA security personnel killed in it. It ended in January 2025, as Iron Wall began.
鐵牆
The IDF, the Israel Security Agency and the Border Police announced Iron Wall in Jenin camp on 21 January 2025, and it extended to the Tulkarm and Nur Shams camps. By 6 February 2025, OHCHR reports, 90 per cent of Jenin camp's 20,000 inhabitants had been forced out. OHCHR records 102 Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces in the Jenin, Tulkarm and Tubas governorates between December 2024 and January 2026.
The camps as closed military areas
The camps were kept under closure and not reopened for return. OHCHR's report of 4 September 2026 records 33,362 people still displaced at 31 January 2026, demolition orders covering 514 buildings, and closed-military-area orders running to 20 August 2026 for Jenin and 30 September 2026 for Tulkarm and Nur Shams. Whether those orders were renewed is not established.
結果與目前狀態
Ongoing. The Jenin, Tulkarm and Nur Shams camps remain emptied of most of their residents and closed to return, with 33,362 people still displaced at 31 January 2026 by OHCHR's count, and no Israeli statement ending the operation has been found. OHCHR characterises the displacement as raising concerns of forcible transfer; Israel's response is not reproduced in that report.
政治意涵
The emptying of camps inside Area A cities narrows the PA's practical security role in the north, which its own preceding operation had sought to assert.
人道意涵
UNRWA's services to the displaced continue outside the camps, under the constraints of Israel's laws against the agency.
參考圖層
仍然未知的事項
- Whether Iron Wall has formally ended, and whether the closed-military-area orders were renewed after August and September 2026, is not established.
- The end dates of Summer Camps and of the PA's operation are soft in the sources.
- OHCHR's legal characterisations are its own and are kept separate from its findings of fact; Israel's position on them is not in the report.
證據同樣支持的其他解讀
- The closure can be read as a security measure that ends when the armed formations are judged dismantled, or as a durable change to the camps' status. The absence of a return date is consistent with both.
列出這些解讀，是因為該紀錄本身的評估並非其來源所允許的唯一評估 — 而不是對上述評估的保留。
此戰役涉及的Watch問題
證據經由此戰役的常設分析問題，各附最新一次檢視。內容衍生自Watch物件，從不在此重述。
在探索中檢視執行此戰役的部隊 互動式：選取此紀錄並追蹤與其關聯的內容。
評估截至 — 2026-10 最近檢視 — 2026-10-12