Conflict coverage · South Caucasus

Bishkek Protocol — the Karabakh ceasefire

May 1994Key event

Explore the system13 analytical layers in this conflict

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Military & security

Effects & resilience

DiplomaticMilitaryArmenia–Azerbaijan / Karabakh legacy

A Russian-brokered ceasefire ends the First Karabakh War with Armenian forces holding the former NKAO and seven surrounding districts. No peacekeepers deploy; the line of contact is held by the armies that made it, under an OSCE Minsk Group mediation that will run for twenty-six years without settlement.

Why it mattersThe ceasefire froze a victor's map without legitimising it — a "no war, no peace" that armed both sides' politics. Its central flaw, a line without guarantees, is what 2016 probed and 2020 erased.

Confidence: HighSources: Established historical record · OSCE texts and mission recordsMethodology Corrections

Related structure

3 records that this event names, or that name it. Every one is an explicit reference in a published record — nothing here is inferred from subject matter.

Part of

Campaigns whose record places this event inside them.

Karabakh conflictThe first war and the 1994 ceasefire

Actors

Actor records this event names.

Where this fits

This is one entry in the Caucasus timeline. The full Key Events surface carries every dated turning point with its filters and its essential subset, and this event in place shows what came before and after it. How Vigil grades, dates and sources its claims is set out in the methodology.