Mali — Transitional Authorities — United Nations / MINUSMA

Synthèse

MINUSMA was created by Security Council resolution 2100 on 25 April 2013 to stabilise the north after the French intervention, and grew into one of the UN's largest operations and its deadliest of the era. Its relationship with successive Malian governments was one of dependence and friction: the state relied on the mission for protection of the northern towns and for logistics it could not provide, while rejecting its human-rights reporting — the Moura investigation above all — and resenting its inability to enforce an accord neither signatory implemented. The transitional authorities demanded its immediate departure on 16 June 2023; resolution 2690 ended the mandate on 30 June with a withdrawal to be completed by 31 December; the camps at Ber, Tessalit and Kidal were handed over or demolished under contested conditions; and the fighting for those camps between the army and the CMA began within weeks. The UN's humanitarian agencies and the Security Council's panel of experts remain; the peacekeeping instrument does not.

Pourquoi c’est important

The mission's exit is the hinge of the module's chronology: it removed the presence that had held the northern question frozen, opened the road to the Kidal recapture and the Algiers accord's termination, and removed a documentation and payroll presence from the northern towns at once. Every humanitarian figure the module now carries for Mali comes from the agencies the mission left behind.

Événements associés

• Création de la MINUSMA Avr. 2013

  Diplomatique · Militaire

• Signature de l’accord d’Alger Mai – juin 2015

  Diplomatique

• L’armée reprend Kidal 14 nov. 2023

  Militaire · Changement territorial

• Le Mali expulse la MINUSMA Juin – déc. 2023

  Diplomatique · Militaire

Organisations

Structures par lesquelles cette relation s’exerce. Elles n’y sont pas parties — les parties sont les deux acteurs ci-dessus.

Lieux

Repères que ce module publie déjà. Cette fiche n’ajoute aucune précision géographique qui lui soit propre.

Ce qui reste inconnu

• The terms on which individual camps were handed over, and what materiel remained in them, are contested between the UN, the government and the CMA and are not adjudicated here.
• What residual UN presence — beyond the humanitarian agencies and the panel of experts — remains in the north is not described in public in enough detail to record.