Arménie — Azerbaïdjan

Synthèse

Armenia and Azerbaijan have contested territory continuously since 1988. The Karabakh chapter closed in September 2023, when Azerbaijan took the territory and its Armenian population left; what remains is an interstate boundary question. Both states have agreed to delimit on the basis of the 1991 Alma-Ata Declaration and the maps then in force, and a first section of roughly a dozen kilometres in the Tavush direction was delimited in 2024, involving the transfer of four villages to Azerbaijani control. The text of a peace treaty was agreed in March 2025 and has not been signed; Azerbaijan conditions signature on Armenian constitutional amendment. In August 2026 Pashinyan stated publicly that on the agreed Alma-Ata basis Artsvashen is Armenian and Kyarki (Tigranashen), Barkhudarlu and Yukhari Askipara are not — the first time an Armenian government had spelled out what its own agreed method implies for the enclaves. Nothing has been transferred and no delimitation decision has been taken on them.

Pourquoi c’est important

This is the relationship the module's principal diplomatic file exists to settle, and the one place where the difference between an agreed method and a settled border is visible in kilometres. Tigranashen sits on Armenia's main north–south interstate road, so the enclave question is not symbolic: applying the agreed baseline to it would move a road Armenia depends on.

Accords

• Alma-Ata Declaration — the agreed delimitation baseline · signé le 1991-12

  Not a bilateral instrument, and cited here for the use both states have agreed to make of it: delimitation on the basis of the declaration and the Soviet administrative maps then in force.

• Agreed peace treaty text · signé le 2025-03

  Agreed, not signed. The text has not been published, and Azerbaijan conditions signature on Armenian constitutional amendment.

Événements associés

• L’offensive azerbaïdjanaise prend le Karabakh 19 – 20 sept. 2023

  Militaire · Changement territorial

• Premier tronçon frontalier délimité — la remise du Tavush Avr. – mai 2024

  Territorial change · Diplomatic

• L’Arménie et l’Azerbaïdjan concluent un projet de texte de paix 13 mars 2025

  Diplomatique

• Pashinyan applique la référence d’Alma-Ata aux enclaves, et la vie politique arménienne réagit 20 – 21 août 2026

  Politique · Changement territorial

Ce qui reste inconnu

• The peace text agreed in March 2025 has not been published, so its treatment of the boundary is described from the parties' characterisations rather than from the document.
• Delimitation has covered a small fraction of the boundary. The length and course of the remainder are not publicly fixed, and neither party publishes a map of what it considers agreed.
• No decision has been taken on any of the four enclaves named in August 2026, and neither government has stated a timetable for one.

Lectures que les éléments permettent aussi

• Azerbaijan's pacing of the process can be read as a genuine constitutional concern about a claim it says Armenia's basic law still carries, or as the use of an unmeetable condition to keep a favourable status quo open. The public record supports both readings and settles neither.

Figure ici parce que l’évaluation propre à la fiche n’est pas la seule que ses sources permettent — et non comme une réserve sur l’évaluation ci-dessus.