What happened
Russia and Chechen commanders sign an accord ending the first war: Russian forces withdraw and the question of Chechnya's status is deferred to 2001. De facto independent Chechnya descends into kidnapping, factionalism and jihadist penetration.
A ceasefire that settled nothing — the deferred status question was never answered, and the interwar collapse gave Moscow both the pretext and the domestic support for the far harsher war of 1999.
Confidence: High
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