Russian imperial conquest of the Caucasus — Key Events — Caucasus

What happened

Over six decades Russia absorbs the region — Georgia annexed from 1801, the Persian khanates including Karabakh, Erivan and Nakhchivan ceded by the treaties of Gulistan (1813) and Turkmenchay (1828), and the mountain North Caucasus subdued only after the long Caucasian War against Imam Shamil, ending in 1859 in Chechnya and Dagestan and in 1864 in the west with the expulsion of most of the Circassian population to the Ottoman Empire.

The conquest set the region's demographic and administrative baseline — which communities lived where, under what borders — and gave the North Caucasus a memory of subjugation by force that both Chechen wars would consciously invoke.

Confidence: High

When1801 – 1864

KindMilitary · Territorial change · Political

ArenaChechnya / North Caucasus

Confidence: High Sources: Established historical record Methodology Corrections

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Connected records

1 record that this event names, or that name it — every one an explicit reference in a published record, nothing inferred from subject matter.

Actors1

Actor records this event names.

Chechnya — the Kadyrov system

Where this fits

This is one entry in the Caucasus timeline. The full Key Events surface carries every dated turning point with its filters and its essential subset, and this event in place shows what came before and after it. How Vigil grades, dates and sources its claims is set out in the methodology.