VIGIL CONSILIUM
Context. Not headlines.
Equipment catalogue · shared across conflicts

Artillery · Improvised and Iranian-derived artillery rockets, unguided, recorded by family

Gaza rocket families

The artillery rockets of the Gaza armed groups, from the short-range Qassam the Qassam Brigades began firing in 2001 and the 122 mm Grad-type, through the locally built M-75, J-80 and R-160 that reached Tel Aviv and Jerusalem from 2012, to the Fajr-5 and M-302 imports and the Ayyash-250 the brigades announced in 2021; the al-Quds Brigades present the Badr-3 as theirs. Recorded as families; no count, range figure, production site, launch area or post-war survival figure is carried.

Locally produced and imported artillery rockets of the Gaza armed groups, by family Palestine, Iran Qassam from 2001; longer-range locally built families from 2012; the Ayyash-250 announced in 2021

Status as of
2026-07-30
Last reviewed
2026-10-29

AssessmentModerate confidence

Recognition context, not a stat sheet. The catalogue covers major publicly documented systems relevant to the conflicts Vigil covers — not an exhaustive order of battle. No quantities, availability or current allocations are recorded.

The record What this system is, where it comes from, who operates it and which of Vigil’s modules it is relevant to — with the evidence each of those rests on.

Documented in conflict Evidence: Confirmed
Silhouette · not to scale

Record

FamilyLocally produced and imported artillery rockets of the Gaza armed groups, by family
VariantsQassam; 122 mm Grad-type; M-75; J-80; R-160; M-302; Fajr-5; Badr-3; Ayyash-250
OriginPalestine, Iran
EraQassam from 2001; longer-range locally built families from 2012; the Ayyash-250 announced in 2021
Appears inGaza war 2023–25

Conflict relevance

This is the catalogue's single record for this system. It is relevant to the module below; each module's Force Atlas shows how it is used there.

Levant · Force Atlas

Operators

Hamas · Primary operatorPalestinian Islamic Jihad · Secondary operator

Hamas: The Qassam Brigades name their own types and fired them in every round since 2001 and in the war from 7 October 2023; whether fire from Gaza has occurred since the 10 October 2025 ceasefire is not documented in any source read. · Palestinian Islamic Jihad: The al-Quds Brigades fire Grad-type rockets and present the Badr-3 as their own type; their holdings are not separable from Hamas's in any source read.

Battlefield role

Unguided volume fire at Israeli towns and, with the longer-range families, at central Israel, designed to force interceptions and sirens rather than to hit a point target; the objects the Board of Peace roadmap's decommissioning line would inventory, store and verify.

Strengths

Local production from available materials, which no closure regime has stopped, and range growth by family, from the short-range Qassam to families that reached Tel Aviv and Jerusalem from 2012. Published estimates of the stock, Israeli and INSS, differ widely between 2021 and 2023; under the module's ceiling (categories, never inventories) no stock figure or family range is carried.

Limitations

No guidance, so effect depends on volume against a layered interceptor system; the 2023–25 war destroyed production and storage on a scale no source quantifies, and what survives west of the Yellow Line is not established. The sources disagree on designations — press in 2021 treated the Badr-3 as a short-range Grad-class rocket while INSS in 2023 equates it with the R-160 — and the record does not reconcile them.

Campaign relevance

Derived: a participant organisation in these campaigns carries a typed equipment association with this system. That is not the same as documented use of the system in the campaign itself.

  • Israel's Gaza war Since 7 October 2023

    via Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades (Documented, high confidence); al-Quds Brigades (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) (Documented, moderate confidence)

  • The northern West Bank camps campaign Since 28 August 2024

    via al-Quds Brigades (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) (Documented, moderate confidence)

Documented conflict use

Rocket fire in every Gaza round from 2001 to 2023 and in the war from 7 October 2023, documented by the IDF, the UN and the groups' own claims; the 30 July 2026 roadmap requires Hamas and the factions to inventory and store weapons under international verification, and no inventory has been published.

Documented formations

Partial Confidence: Moderate Sources: Institute for National Security Studies (Tel Aviv)↗ · The Jerusalem Post↗ · Statements by Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah and allied armed organisations · Israel Defense Forces — Spokesperson's Unit announcements↗ · UN Security Council resolutions, Secretary-General reports and meeting records (Levant)↗ · Board of Peace — official documents (Gaza)↗ · Established international media reporting Methodology Corrections

Assessed as of — 2026-07-30 Last reviewed — 2026-10-29