La fiche Ce qu’est ce système, d’où il vient, qui le met en œuvre et pour quels modules de Vigil il est pertinent — avec les éléments sur lesquels repose chacun de ces points.
Fiche
Pertinence pour les conflits
Ceci est la fiche unique du catalogue pour ce système. Il est pertinent pour le module ci-dessous ; le Force Atlas de chaque module montre comment il y est employé.
Opérateurs
Ukraine: Ukraine's principal reported long-range strike drone. Reporting attributes its employment to Defence Intelligence and the Security Service, with the Unmanned Systems Forces named as the institutional home of the long-range drone effort; Ukraine rarely confirms which structure flew a given strike, so each formation edge is graded reported.
Rôle sur le champ de bataille
Deep strike against fixed economic and military infrastructure inside Russia — refinery process units, fuel storage, airfields and ammunition depots — at ranges beyond any supplied missile Ukraine holds, launched in numbers that accept attrition to air defence on the way in.
Typical employment
Salvos against a single plant's process units, often repeated at the same plant across weeks, as the refinery series in this module records; flown with decoys and alongside other long-range types so that air-defence effort is divided. Nothing about routes, launch areas or timing is authored.
How the system is commonly used, at the level of published analysis — never a procedure, a loadout or an engagement envelope.
Points forts
Range, cost and domestic supply. Announced for a 75 kg warhead at more than 1,000 km, with 2025–26 reporting of strikes at 1,300 km (Orsk, October 2025) and roughly 1,300 km (Ufa, June 2026); cheap enough to be used in salvos; and produced in Ukraine, so neither stocks nor targets depend on a partner government's decision.
Limites
A small warhead — reporting gives 50 to 75 kg, with range traded for payload — that damages a process unit rather than destroying a plant; a propeller airframe vulnerable to point defence and electronic warfare on a long transit; and an effect that is cumulative and reparable rather than decisive. Production and loss rates are not published and are not stated here.
Typically used alongside
- Storm Shadow / SCALP-EGConfiance : modérée
The supplied missile lane the drone programme was built to be independent of; used against hardened targets the drone's warhead cannot address.
- R-360 NeptuneConfiance : faible
Ukraine's other domestic long-range option, used against coastal and naval targets where the drone's payload is insufficient.
Adaptations observées
Reach extended from the first refinery strikes within some 800 km of the border in 2024 to reported strikes at 1,300 km and beyond in 2025–26, with range growth rather than warhead growth the campaign's clearest trend.
Pertinence pour les campagnes
Dérivé : une organisation participant à ces campagnes porte une association d’équipement typée avec ce système. Ce n’est pas la même chose qu’un emploi documenté du système dans la campagne elle-même.
- La campagne de la mer Noire et le corridor d’exportation Depuis février 2022
via Defence Intelligence of Ukraine (HUR/GUR) (Reported, moderate confidence)
- La campagne ukrainienne de frappes dans la profondeur Depuis 2022
via Unmanned Systems Forces (Reported, moderate confidence); Defence Intelligence of Ukraine (HUR/GUR) (Reported, moderate confidence)
- La campagne d’attrition dans l’Est Depuis avril 2022
via Unmanned Systems Forces (Reported, moderate confidence)
Identification visuelle
A conventional light-aircraft layout rather than a delta: straight wing, twin-boom tail and a nose-mounted propeller, with a slender fuselage — closer in silhouette to a small sport aircraft than to the Shahed family. Seen chiefly in Ukrainian government presentations and in debris.
Emploi documenté dans les conflits
Reported as the drone behind Ukraine's refinery strikes from early 2024, when the Ministry of Digital Transformation and defence-industry officials presented it publicly; thereafter the named type in reporting of strikes on refineries, fuel depots and airfields across European Russia, including the Orsk refinery in October 2025 and the Ufa refineries in June 2026. Ukraine's General Staff confirms strikes on named plants without naming the airframe, so type attribution per strike is reporting rather than official statement.
Opérateurs par composante et par service
Changements datés
2025-10-03 Employment Reported strike on the Orsk refinery in Orenburg region, about 1,300 km from the border — the deepest reported employment of the type to that date. Type attribution is reporting, not a General Staff statement.
2024-03 Employment Publicly presented by Ukrainian officials as the drone behind the early 2024 wave of refinery strikes; the first documented employment of a domestic long-range one-way attack drone against Russian refining.
Évalué au — 2026-06 Dernière revue — 2026-10-29