Wpis Czym jest ten system, skąd pochodzi, kto go używa i dla których modułów Vigil jest istotny — wraz z przesłankami, na których opiera się każdy z tych elementów.
Bilans
Znaczenie dla konfliktów
To jedyny wpis katalogu dla tego systemu. Jest istotny dla modułu poniżej; Force Atlas każdego modułu pokazuje, jak jest tam używany.
Użytkownicy
Ukraine: Ukraine's principal reported long-range strike drone. Reporting attributes its employment to Defence Intelligence and the Security Service, with the Unmanned Systems Forces named as the institutional home of the long-range drone effort; Ukraine rarely confirms which structure flew a given strike, so each formation edge is graded reported.
Rola na polu walki
Deep strike against fixed economic and military infrastructure inside Russia — refinery process units, fuel storage, airfields and ammunition depots — at ranges beyond any supplied missile Ukraine holds, launched in numbers that accept attrition to air defence on the way in.
Typical employment
Salvos against a single plant's process units, often repeated at the same plant across weeks, as the refinery series in this module records; flown with decoys and alongside other long-range types so that air-defence effort is divided. Nothing about routes, launch areas or timing is authored.
How the system is commonly used, at the level of published analysis — never a procedure, a loadout or an engagement envelope.
Mocne strony
Range, cost and domestic supply. Announced for a 75 kg warhead at more than 1,000 km, with 2025–26 reporting of strikes at 1,300 km (Orsk, October 2025) and roughly 1,300 km (Ufa, June 2026); cheap enough to be used in salvos; and produced in Ukraine, so neither stocks nor targets depend on a partner government's decision.
Ograniczenia
A small warhead — reporting gives 50 to 75 kg, with range traded for payload — that damages a process unit rather than destroying a plant; a propeller airframe vulnerable to point defence and electronic warfare on a long transit; and an effect that is cumulative and reparable rather than decisive. Production and loss rates are not published and are not stated here.
Typically used alongside
- Storm Shadow / SCALP-EGPewność: umiarkowana
The supplied missile lane the drone programme was built to be independent of; used against hardened targets the drone's warhead cannot address.
- R-360 NeptunPewność: niska
Ukraine's other domestic long-range option, used against coastal and naval targets where the drone's payload is insufficient.
Zaobserwowane adaptacje
Reach extended from the first refinery strikes within some 800 km of the border in 2024 to reported strikes at 1,300 km and beyond in 2025–26, with range growth rather than warhead growth the campaign's clearest trend.
Znaczenie dla kampanii
Wyprowadzone: organizacja uczestnicząca w tych kampaniach ma typowane powiązanie ze sprzętem dotyczące tego systemu. To nie to samo co udokumentowane użycie systemu w samej kampanii.
- Kampania czarnomorska i korytarz eksportowy Od lutego 2022 r.
via Defence Intelligence of Ukraine (HUR/GUR) (Reported, moderate confidence)
- Ukraińska kampania uderzeń w głąb Od 2022
via Unmanned Systems Forces (Reported, moderate confidence); Defence Intelligence of Ukraine (HUR/GUR) (Reported, moderate confidence)
- Wschodnia kampania na wyniszczenie Od kwietnia 2022 r.
via Unmanned Systems Forces (Reported, moderate confidence)
Identyfikacja wizualna
A conventional light-aircraft layout rather than a delta: straight wing, twin-boom tail and a nose-mounted propeller, with a slender fuselage — closer in silhouette to a small sport aircraft than to the Shahed family. Seen chiefly in Ukrainian government presentations and in debris.
Udokumentowane użycie w konflikcie
Reported as the drone behind Ukraine's refinery strikes from early 2024, when the Ministry of Digital Transformation and defence-industry officials presented it publicly; thereafter the named type in reporting of strikes on refineries, fuel depots and airfields across European Russia, including the Orsk refinery in October 2025 and the Ufa refineries in June 2026. Ukraine's General Staff confirms strikes on named plants without naming the airframe, so type attribution per strike is reporting rather than official statement.
Użytkownicy w rodzajach sił i służbach
- Wywiad Wojskowy Ukrainy (HUR/GUR) Według doniesień
- Służba Bezpieczeństwa Ukrainy (SBU) — elementy bojowe Według doniesień
- Siły Systemów Bezzałogowych Według doniesień
Datowane zmiany
2025-10-03 Employment Reported strike on the Orsk refinery in Orenburg region, about 1,300 km from the border — the deepest reported employment of the type to that date. Type attribution is reporting, not a General Staff statement.
2024-03 Employment Publicly presented by Ukrainian officials as the drone behind the early 2024 wave of refinery strikes; the first documented employment of a domestic long-range one-way attack drone against Russian refining.
Ocena na dzień — 2026-06 Ostatni przegląd — 2026-10-29