What happened
The US Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act — named for a defector who documented deaths in regime custody — imposes secondary sanctions on dealings with the Assad government, deterring reconstruction and investment and deepening the currency collapse already underway.
Caesar defined the late-war economy: it made reconstruction impossible under Assad, contributed to the impoverishment that hollowed the state, and its December 2025 repeal became the transition's biggest economic event.
Confidence: High
WhenJune 2020
KindSanctions · Economic
ArenaRefugees, sanctions and reconstruction
Confidence: High Sources: Established historical record · Karam Shaar Advisory — Syria sanctions and economy analysis↗ Methodology Corrections
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