What happened
HTS and allied factions attack out of Idlib on 27 November; Aleppo falls within days as the army collapses rather than fights. Hama and then Homs follow in the fastest territorial cascade of the entire war, with Russia and Iran declining to intervene at scale.
The offensive revealed that the regime's remaining strength was scaffolding: no patron, no pay, no will. Its speed shaped the transition — power fell to the force that moved, not to any negotiated framework.
Confidence: High
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