簡易爆炸裝置（能力紀錄）

紀錄

衝突關聯性

這是本目錄中此系統的唯一紀錄。它與下方的模組相關；各模組的Force Atlas會顯示它在該處的使用方式。

使用方

JNIM: The principal user across central Mali and the Burkina and Niger borderlands; claims of convoy attacks recur in the group's own messaging. · Islamic State Sahel Province: Documented in the Liptako-Gourma, including against army columns.

戰場角色

Road denial and attrition: IEDs impose the convoy problem that shapes every campaign — they made MINUSMA the UN’s deadliest mission, strangle corridor traffic, and killed the defence minister in the April 2026 Kati bombing.

Typical employment

Emplacement on the routes that garrisons and convoys cannot avoid, combined with mounted ambush; the pairing with technical-mounted firepower is what turns a road strike into a convoy defeat.

How the system is commonly used, at the level of published analysis — never a procedure, a loadout or an engagement envelope.

優勢

Cheap denial of expensive mobility; ties down route-clearance capability the government has little of, and converts every road movement into a decision about risk.

限制

Indiscriminate by nature — civilian vehicles and buses are routine victims, at direct cost to the groups’ local standing, and the UN and civil-society casualty records that document this are among the most consistent public sources on the war.

Typically used alongside

• 武裝皮卡信心：中等

  Ambush on the corridors combines explosive initiation with mounted firepower; the two capabilities appear together in documented convoy attacks.

• 摩托車（叛亂勢力機動）信心：中等

  Motorcycles provide the reconnaissance, emplacement and withdrawal that a roadside attack depends on.

與戰役的關聯

推導所得：這些戰役中的一個參與組織，與此系統有一筆具類型的裝備關聯。這並不等同於有文件記錄該系統在戰役本身中的使用。

• Djibo之圍 自2022年2月起

  via JNIM — Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (Documented, high confidence)

• JNIM燃料封鎖戰役 Declared September 2025; eased and reimposed since

  via JNIM — Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (Documented, high confidence)

• FLA–JNIM攻勢，2026年 April 2026 – present

  via JNIM — Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (Documented, high confidence); Islamic State Sahel Province (Documented, moderate confidence)

• Tillabéri的壓力 Documented pattern since 2025

  via Islamic State Sahel Province (Documented, moderate confidence); JNIM — Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (Documented, high confidence)

外觀識別

None recorded, by rule: this record describes an effect on the war, not a device.

有文件記錄的衝突使用

Documented continuously since 2013 in the Secretary-General's reports on Mali, which recorded IEDs as the leading cause of MINUSMA fatalities, and in ACLED's event data for central Mali and the tri-border area. The pattern has moved from the peacekeepers' supply routes to the state's garrison corridors and, from late 2025, to the commercial traffic the southern corridors carry. The April 2026 Kati bombing is the module's most consequential single documented instance.

有文件記錄的部隊

• 伊斯蘭國薩赫勒省 Documented · moderate confidence
• JNIM — 支持伊斯蘭與穆斯林組織 有文件記錄 · 高信心