La fiche Ce qu’est ce système, d’où il vient, qui le met en œuvre et pour quels modules de Vigil il est pertinent — avec les éléments sur lesquels repose chacun de ces points.
Fiche
Pertinence pour les conflits
Ceci est la fiche unique du catalogue pour ce système. Il est pertinent pour le module ci-dessous ; le Force Atlas de chaque module montre comment il y est employé.
Opérateurs
Russia: Fired from Black Sea Fleet frigates, corvettes and Improved Kilo submarines and from the Caspian Flotilla; the carriers are the naval half of the strike campaign against Ukrainian cities and energy infrastructure.
Rôle sur le champ de bataille
Long-range land attack from ships and submarines against fixed targets deep in Ukraine: energy infrastructure, air bases, cities and defence industry, fired in combined salvos with air-launched Kh-101 missiles and Shahed drones to saturate air defences.
Points forts
Long range and a subsonic, low-altitude profile from carriers at sea that are hard to pre-empt; a launch capacity that Ukraine cannot strike in port without the naval-drone and missile campaign it has built; and continuing production, with missiles made in 2026 identified in debris.
Limites
Dependence on a small number of carriers in the Black Sea and the Caspian, which Ukraine has attacked — the Sub Sea Baby strike on a Kalibr-carrying submarine at Novorossiysk in December 2025 is the most recent documented instance; a subsonic missile that Ukrainian air defence intercepts at high rates when it is engaged; and production that depends on imported components documented in debris. Production and stock figures are not public.
Pertinence pour les campagnes
Dérivé : une organisation participant à ces campagnes porte une association d’équipement typée avec ce système. Ce n’est pas la même chose qu’un emploi documenté du système dans la campagne elle-même.
- La campagne de la mer Noire et le corridor d’exportation Depuis février 2022
via Black Sea Fleet (Documented, high confidence)
- La campagne ukrainienne de frappes dans la profondeur Depuis 2022
via Black Sea Fleet (Documented, high confidence)
Identification visuelle
A cylindrical missile with pop-out wings, launched vertically from ship cells or from a submarine's torpedo tubes; seldom seen except in Russian ministry launch footage and in Ukrainian debris images.
Emploi documenté dans les conflits
In documented use against Ukraine since the first day of the full-scale invasion, throughout the 2022–23 energy campaign and in every large combined strike since; the Ukrainian Air Force reports the type in its per-strike accounting. Its carriers have been the object of Ukraine's Black Sea campaign — the Sevastopol strikes of 2023, the withdrawal of the fleet to Novorossiysk, and the December 2025 underwater-drone strike on a Kalibr-armed submarine there. Launch counts and stocks are not reproduced here.
Formations documentées
- Black Sea Fleet Documenté · confiance élevée
Évalué au — 2025-12 Dernière revue — 2026-09-28