本頁部分內容仍以英文正本呈現:相關譯文尚未完成。 英文版本

Missile / precision strike · Sea-launched cruise missile

Kalibr family

Russia's sea-launched cruise missile — the naval leg of the strike campaign against Ukrainian cities and power grid, and the reason Ukraine's naval drones hunt the ships and submarines that carry it.

Kalibr 俄羅斯 Russian service from 2012; combat use in Syria from 2015; against Ukraine from February 2022

狀態截至
2025-12
最後檢視
2026-09-28

評估高信心

提供辨識背景,而非性能數據表。本目錄涵蓋與Vigil所關注之衝突相關的主要公開記載系統——並非詳盡的戰鬥序列。不記錄任何數量、可用狀況或當前配置。

紀錄 此系統是什麼、源自何處、由誰使用,以及與Vigil的哪些模組相關——並附上每一項所依據的證據。

服役 證據:已證實
剪影 · 未按比例

紀錄

系列Kalibr
衍生型3M14 (land-attack); 3M54 (anti-ship); Kalibr-NK (surface-launched); Kalibr-PL (submarine-launched)
原產地俄羅斯
製造商Novator (Almaz-Antey)
年代Russian service from 2012; combat use in Syria from 2015; against Ukraine from February 2022
出現於烏克蘭–俄羅斯

衝突關聯性

這是本目錄中此系統的唯一紀錄。它與下方的模組相關;各模組的Force Atlas會顯示它在該處的使用方式。

使用方

Russia: Fired from Black Sea Fleet frigates, corvettes and Improved Kilo submarines and from the Caspian Flotilla; the carriers are the naval half of the strike campaign against Ukrainian cities and energy infrastructure.

戰場角色

Long-range land attack from ships and submarines against fixed targets deep in Ukraine: energy infrastructure, air bases, cities and defence industry, fired in combined salvos with air-launched Kh-101 missiles and Shahed drones to saturate air defences.

優勢

Long range and a subsonic, low-altitude profile from carriers at sea that are hard to pre-empt; a launch capacity that Ukraine cannot strike in port without the naval-drone and missile campaign it has built; and continuing production, with missiles made in 2026 identified in debris.

限制

Dependence on a small number of carriers in the Black Sea and the Caspian, which Ukraine has attacked — the Sub Sea Baby strike on a Kalibr-carrying submarine at Novorossiysk in December 2025 is the most recent documented instance; a subsonic missile that Ukrainian air defence intercepts at high rates when it is engaged; and production that depends on imported components documented in debris. Production and stock figures are not public.

與戰役的關聯

推導所得:這些戰役中的一個參與組織,與此系統有一筆具類型的裝備關聯。這並不等同於有文件記錄該系統在戰役本身中的使用。

外觀識別

A cylindrical missile with pop-out wings, launched vertically from ship cells or from a submarine's torpedo tubes; seldom seen except in Russian ministry launch footage and in Ukrainian debris images.

有文件記錄的衝突使用

In documented use against Ukraine since the first day of the full-scale invasion, throughout the 2022–23 energy campaign and in every large combined strike since; the Ukrainian Air Force reports the type in its per-strike accounting. Its carriers have been the object of Ukraine's Black Sea campaign — the Sevastopol strikes of 2023, the withdrawal of the fleet to Novorossiysk, and the December 2025 underwater-drone strike on a Kalibr-armed submarine there. Launch counts and stocks are not reproduced here.

有文件記錄的部隊

評估截至 — 2025-12 最近檢視 — 2026-09-28