Mali — Autorités de transition → Alliance des États du Sahel (AES)

Synthèse

Mali joined the Alliance of Sahel States at its founding as a mutual-defence pact in September 2023, and the three members converted it into a confederation in July 2024. What the membership has actually produced is more than the sceptical reading allowed for: a confederation treaty and rotating presidency, a 0.5 per cent import levy agreed in March 2025 to fund it, a joint customs duty, an investment bank, a joint biometric passport, a flag, an anthem and a television channel, a unified force inaugurated in December 2025, and a consultative parliament seated in August 2026. What it has not produced is a functioning joint military command or an economic union: the unified force exists as a command with a named commander rather than as an observable capability, and Mali still fights its own war with the same partner and the same problems as before.

Pourquoi c’est important

Mali's coups began the sequence that produced the confederation, and its membership is what converted a national rupture into a regional architecture. The distinction the record holds is between an institution that has been created and one that has been shown to work — and on the security question it was built to answer, it has not yet been shown to work.

Ce qui reste inconnu

• No joint operation attributable to the unified force has been independently documented, and this record states no operational capability for it.
• The consultative parliament has neither legislative nor budgetary power, and the practical effect of the levy, customs duty and investment bank is not measured in this module.
• This module carries no dated event record for the September 2023 charter or the July 2024 confederation treaty; both dates come from the AES actor record.