紀錄 此系統是什麼、源自何處、由誰使用,以及與Vigil的哪些模組相關——並附上每一項所依據的證據。
紀錄
使用方
Russia in Syria: Deployed to Khmeimim from November 2015 to cover the Russian intervention; its status under the August 2026 restructuring of the Russian presence is not established.
戰場角色
Long-range strategic air defence — documented throughout the war defending Crimea, the border regions and Moscow; the outer layer of the network that has kept Ukrainian aviation back from the front, with a documented secondary ground-attack role.
優勢
Very long-range radars and interceptors deny high-altitude approaches across a wide arc; dense integration with Pantsir point defence; the reach to threaten aircraft far behind Ukrainian lines.
限制
A high-value target with documented battery losses in Crimea to ATACMS and Neptune strikes; struggles against low-flying drones and naval drones beneath its radar coverage; its marketed reputation and documented performance have diverged publicly over the war.
與戰役的關聯
推導所得:這些戰役中的一個參與組織,與此系統有一筆具類型的裝備關聯。這並不等同於有文件記錄該系統在戰役本身中的使用。
- 針對烏克蘭電力系統的戰略攻勢 Since October 2022
via Aerospace Forces (VKS) (Documented, high confidence)
外觀識別
8×8 transporter-erector-launchers with four large missile tubes raised vertically when deployed; accompanied by large flat-faced phased-array radar vehicles; deployed as dispersed battery sites, not single vehicles.
有文件記錄的衝突使用
Engaged throughout the war from Crimea, the border regions and around Moscow; multiple documented battery and radar losses in the 2023–24 Crimea strike campaign; documented use of its missiles in a surface-to-surface role against land targets.
評估截至 — 2026-06 最近檢視 — 2026-07-11