紀錄 此系統是什麼、源自何處、由誰使用,以及與Vigil的哪些模組相關——並附上每一項所依據的證據。
紀錄
使用方
Armenia: Armenia received the export Iskander-E in 2016 and is reported to have fired it in the 2020 war — a use whose effect the Armenian leadership itself disputed afterwards. · Russia: ground forces missile brigades
戰場角色
Short-range ballistic and cruise strikes against cities, infrastructure, airfields and high-value systems — including the recon-strike hunt for HIMARS launchers and Patriot batteries.
優勢
Quasi-ballistic manoeuvring and decoys stress even Patriot, the only system Ukraine fields that reliably engages it; production publicly assessed as substantially scaled since 2022; complemented in volume by North Korean-supplied analogues, recorded separately.
限制
Expensive per shot relative to the drone-led strike mix; launchers and depots are documented targets of Ukrainian deep strikes; documented intercepts over defended cities, though claimed rates on both sides are contested.
與戰役的關聯
推導所得:這些戰役中的一個參與組織,與此系統有一筆具類型的裝備關聯。這並不等同於有文件記錄該系統在戰役本身中的使用。
- 烏克蘭的反攻,2022–2023年 2022年9月 – 2023年11月
經由陸軍(有文件記錄,高信心)
- 東部消耗戰役 Since April 2022
經由陸軍(有文件記錄,高信心)
外觀識別
Large 8×8 transporter-erector-launcher carrying two missiles under a clamshell roof — the erected single missile before launch is the signature image; the K variant fires cruise missiles from the same vehicle family.
有文件記錄的衝突使用
In documented use from the war's opening salvos in February 2022 and throughout every phase of the strategic strike campaign; documented in strikes on Kyiv and other cities, and against operational targets such as airfields and air-defence sites.
軍種與兵種使用方
- 陸軍 有文件記錄
相關關鍵事件
針對烏克蘭電網的戰略打擊行動展開
以大批飛彈與見證者無人機齊射打擊電力基礎設施,開啟了一場反覆出現的季節性行動,意在以冬季的黑暗與寒冷擊垮平民的耐受力。
二十四枚彈道飛彈,無一獲報攔截
俄羅斯在2026年8月5日凌晨前的夜間,以115架見證者、Gerbera、Italmas及其他型號的無人機、24枚彈道飛彈,以及四枚被烏克蘭空軍歸入「鋯石/縞瑪瑙」合併類別的飛彈,打擊基輔州及其他地區。空軍報告有98架無人機被摧毀或干擾——約85%——且未報告攔截任何一枚飛彈。飛彈與17架無人機的命中紀錄分布於26處地點。飛彈從庫斯克州、羅斯托夫州與布良斯克州發射,無人機則從庫斯克、Millerovo、Oryol、被佔領的頓內次克與克里米亞發射。國家緊急服務局最初報告14人死亡、22人受傷;隨著救援工作持續,後續報導的傷亡數字更高。
評估截至 — 2026-06 最近檢視 — 2026-07-11