紀錄 此系統是什麼、源自何處、由誰使用，以及與Vigil的哪些模組相關——並附上每一項所依據的證據。
紀錄
使用方
Poland and the eastern flank: The largest European operator: a framework of July 2022 for up to 672 guns, with executive contracts for K9A1 delivered from late 2022 and for the K9PL to be assembled in Poland. Programme facts only. · Finland and the eastern flank: Used guns bought from Korea from 2017 as the K9 Moukari, with a follow-on contract for new guns signed in April 2026 and deliveries announced from 2028. Programme facts only. · Norway and the eastern flank: The K9 Vidar, contracted in 2017 and delivered from 2019 as the army's self-propelled artillery; a further batch approved. No holdings recorded. · Estonia and the eastern flank: The K9 Kõu, bought used from Korea from 2018 with further contracts in 2019 and January 2023; the Defence Forces announced further arrivals in December 2025. No holdings recorded. · Romania and the eastern flank: A contract signed in 2024 with local production planned; Hanwha began building a Romanian plant in 2026. A programme until the ministry states fielding.
戰場角色
Tracked 155 mm self-propelled artillery for the flank's mechanised formations: the gun behind which the module's ammunition-production economy object reads the shell demand, since the guns are arriving faster than the European propellant and shell lines that must feed them.
優勢
A 52-calibre tracked gun available from an existing production line at a pace European makers could not match, with a growing European operator community, local assembly in Poland and a plant in Romania; the Ukrainian artillery war is the published reason several of these orders were placed or enlarged.
限制
A heavy tracked system whose reach depends on 155 mm ammunition supply, which is the flank's acknowledged constraint; a supplier outside the European support networks, which the licence line and the Romanian plant are meant to correct over time. No holdings or unit assignments are recorded.
外觀識別
A large tracked hull with a tall, boxy turret set to the rear and a long 155 mm barrel with a prominent muzzle brake; seven road wheels. The K10 ammunition resupply vehicle shares the hull without the gun.
有文件記錄的衝突使用
NATO EASTERN FLANK. Deliveries documented at Polish, Finnish, Norwegian and Estonian ministry announcements from 2017 onward; the April 2026 Finnish follow-on contract and the Romanian plant are the newest programme milestones. Exercise participation is reported; no operational employment exists. No numbers in service or unit assignments are stated.
評估截至 — 2026-04 最近檢視 — 2026-09-28