VIGIL CONSILIUM
Kontekst. Nie nagłówki.
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Artyleria rakietowa

BM-21 Grad

The world's most widely used rocket launcher — forty 122 mm tubes on a truck, delivering area fire that is cheap, fast and inaccurate — in service on every side of the Ukrainian, Caucasus and Sahel wars.

BM-21 Związek Radziecki 1963 service entry; in service on every side of three of Vigil's modules

Stan na
2026-06
Ostatni przegląd
2026-09-28

OcenaPewność: wysoka

Kontekst do rozpoznania, a nie karta danych technicznych. Katalog obejmuje główne publicznie udokumentowane systemy istotne dla konfliktów, którymi zajmuje się Vigil — nie jest wyczerpującym ordre de bataille. Nie odnotowuje się liczby egzemplarzy, dostępności ani bieżących przydziałów.

Wpis Czym jest ten system, skąd pochodzi, kto go używa i dla których modułów Vigil jest istotny — wraz z przesłankami, na których opiera się każdy z tych elementów.

W służbie Przesłanki: potwierdzone
Sylwetka · nie w skali

Bilans

RodzinaBM-21
WariantyBM-21 Grad; BM-21-1 (modernised Russian); Grad-derived 122 mm launchers on commercial trucks
PochodzenieZwiązek Radziecki
ProducentSplav (Soviet Union / Russia); licence and derivative producers worldwide
Epoka1963 service entry; in service on every side of three of Vigil's modules
Występuje wUkraine–Russia · Nagorno-Karabakh · Mali

Znaczenie dla konfliktów

To jedyny wpis katalogu dla tego systemu. Jest istotny dla modułów poniżej; Force Atlas każdego modułu pokazuje, jak jest tam używany.

Użytkownicy

Ukraine: Inherited in large numbers and the standard rocket artillery of Ukrainian brigades throughout the war; rockets sourced from allied Soviet-era stocks and from new production abroad. Losses visually documented. · Russia: The Russian ground forces' most numerous rocket launcher; documented across the front since 2022, including in the shelling of cities. · Malian Armed Forces (FAMa): Small holdings; employment reported in hub defence. No count recorded. · Armenia: Legacy holdings; employment documented across the Karabakh wars. · Azerbaijan: Legacy holdings; employment documented across the Karabakh wars.

Rola na polu walki

Area suppression by salvo. In Ukraine it is the volume rocket artillery of both armies; in the Caucasus it was the legacy area-fire weapon of both sides across the Karabakh wars; in Mali, small holdings add weight to the defence of garrison hubs. Its inaccuracy is the standing concern wherever it is fired near settlements.

Typical employment

Battery salvos against area targets — assembly areas, trench lines, approach routes — followed by immediate displacement. In Ukraine the drone threat has pushed both sides toward single-vehicle fire from cover rather than massed batteries.

How the system is commonly used, at the level of published analysis — never a procedure, a loadout or an engagement envelope.

Mocne strony

A full salvo of forty rockets in about twenty seconds from a vehicle that can be driven by a conscript and reloaded by hand; ammunition made in many countries; simple enough to keep in service for six decades.

Ograniczenia

Unguided rockets with wide dispersion: effective against area targets and indiscriminate near civilians, which is why its use in and around towns recurs in every module's civilian-harm reporting. A salvo reveals the launcher, and in the drone-observed Ukrainian war that has made the type a routine counter-battery victim.

Identyfikacja wizualna

A rectangular block of forty tubes in four rows on the rear of a 6×6 Ural truck, elevated as one unit; the bare tube bundle without a pod or armour separates it from HIMARS and from the larger Smerch and Uragan.

Udokumentowane użycie w konflikcie

UKRAINE–RUSSIA. Documented on both sides from the first days of 2022; open-source trackers record losses of launchers in the hundreds across the war, and the type appears in Ukrainian and Russian reporting of strikes on towns along the whole front. Rocket supply for Ukraine has depended on allied Soviet-era stocks and new foreign production. CAUCASUS. Employed by both Armenian and Azerbaijani forces in the 1990s war and in 2020, including documented fire against populated areas on both sides. SAHEL. Small Malian holdings reported at garrison hubs; no employment in the 2026 offensives is documented from open sources.

Użytkownicy w rodzajach sił i służbach

Ocena na dzień — 2026-06 Ostatni przegląd — 2026-09-28