How it fights
Garrison hubs at the region capitals, drone-supported intervention columns for reliefs and offensives, Russian personnel integrated at the point of main effort. The model beat the CSP in 2023; the 2026 offensives are testing whether it survives contact with a unified FLA–JNIM campaign that attacks the columns between the hubs.
Conduct record
UN and NGO investigations have documented mass civilian killings in joint operations — Moura in March 2022 above all. Beyond its human cost, this record functions strategically: it is the insurgency’s best recruiter, and it forecloses the Western re-engagement the army might someday want.
Elsewhere in Mali
Last reviewed2026-07-15